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The nurse is administering insulin lispro and will keep in mind that this insulin will start to have an effect within which time frame?
- A. 15 minutes
- B. 1 to 2 hours
- C. 80 minutes
- D. 3 to 5 hours
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Insulin lispro, a rapid-acting insulin, has an onset of action within 15 minutes, making it effective shortly after administration. The other time frames refer to peak, half-life, or duration.
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When administering morning medications for a newly admitted patient, the nurse notes that the patient has an allergy to sulfa drugs. There is an order for the sulfonylurea glipizide (Glucotrol). Which action by the nurse is correct?
- A. Give the drug as ordered 30 minutes before breakfast.
- B. Hold the drug, and check the order with the prescriber.
- C. Give a reduced dose of the drug with breakfast.
- D. Give the drug, and monitor for adverse effects.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sulfa drug allergies may cross-react with sulfonylureas like glipizide, so the nurse must verify the order with the prescriber to ensure safety.
Which action is most appropriate regarding the nurse's administration of a rapid-acting insulin to a hospitalized patient?
- A. Give it within 15 minutes of mealtime.
- B. Give it after the meal has been completed.
- C. Administer it once daily at the time of the midday meal.
- D. Administer it with a snack before bedtime.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rapid-acting insulin, like lispro, should be given within 15 minutes of a meal to match the postprandial glucose spike, mimicking natural insulin response.
When teaching a patient who is starting metformin, which instruction by the nurse is correct?
- A. Take metformin if your blood glucose level is above 100 mg/dL.
- B. Take this 60 minutes after breakfast.
- C. Take the medication on an empty stomach 1 hour before meals.
- D. Take the medication with food to reduce gastrointestinal (GI) effects.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Metformin should be taken with food to minimize GI side effects like nausea and diarrhea. Timing with specific glucose levels or empty stomach is incorrect.
The nurse is teaching patients about self-injection of insulin. Which statement is true regarding injection sites?
- A. Avoid the abdomen because absorption there is irregular.
- B. Choose a different site at random for each injection.
- C. Give the injection in the same area each time.
- D. Rotate sites within the same location for about 1 week before rotating to a new location.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rotating insulin injection sites within the same location (e.g., abdomen) for about 1 week ensures consistent absorption while preventing tissue damage. Random rotation or avoiding the abdomen is incorrect.
A patient is taking a sulfonylurea medication for new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus. When reviewing potential adverse effects during patient teaching, the nurse will include information about which of these effects? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Hypoglycemia
- B. Nausea
- C. Diarrhea
- D. Weight gain
- E. Peripheral edema
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: Sulfonylureas can cause hypoglycemia due to increased insulin secretion, nausea as a GI side effect, and weight gain from insulin stimulation. Diarrhea and edema are not common.