Adult Health Nursing First Chapter Quizlet

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A patient presents with a pruritic, annular rash with fine scaling and central clearing, affecting the trunk and proximal extremities. The patient reports recent exposure to a new soap and laundry detergent. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?

  • A. Tinea corporis (ringworm)
  • B. Nummular eczema
  • C. Pityriasis rosea
  • D. Lichen planus
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The presentation described is consistent with nummular eczema, also known as discoid eczema. Nummular eczema typically presents as circular or oval-shaped patches of eczematous rash with fine scaling and central clearing. It is often pruritic and can be triggered by exposure to irritants such as new soaps or laundry detergents. The distribution on the trunk and proximal extremities is also typical for nummular eczema. Tinea corporis (ringworm) would present with a more raised, scaly, and well-defined border with central clearing. Pityriasis rosea presents with a herald patch followed by smaller oval or round lesions in a "Christmas tree" distribution. Lichen planus would present with polygonal, purplish, flat-topped papules typically located on flexural surfaces and extremities.

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A patient with a history of heart failure is prescribed lisinopril for blood pressure management. Which adverse effect is most commonly associated with lisinopril therapy?

  • A. Hyperkalemia
  • B. Hypertension
  • C. Dry cough
  • D. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Dry cough is the most commonly reported adverse effect associated with lisinopril therapy. Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor, and the mechanism behind the cough is not completely understood but is thought to be related to the accumulation of bradykinin and substance P. This annoying dry cough can be a persistent issue for some patients on lisinopril, and it typically resolves once the medication is discontinued. Patients who experience this side effect should not ignore it and should consult their healthcare provider for further evaluation and possible alternative medication options. Hyperkalemia, hypertension, and bradycardia are not commonly associated adverse effects of lisinopril therapy.

The patient refuses to take the medication because it causes diarrhea. Nurse Parker explains the action of the drug but the patient vehemently refuses the medication. What should be the INITIAL action of the nurse?

  • A. Discuss with a family member the need for the patient to take the medication.
  • B. Document the patient 's refusa l to take the medication.
  • C. Notify the physician of the patient 's refusal to take the medication.
  • D. Explain again to the patient the consequences of refusing to take the medication.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The initial action the nurse should take when faced with a situation where a patient refuses to take medication after education and explanation is to notify the physician. The physician may need to be informed so they can reassess the medication and potentially explore alternative options or make adjustments based on the patient's concerns and preferences. It is important for medical decisions to be made in collaboration with the healthcare team to ensure the best care for the patient. Consulting the physician also helps in avoiding any potential negative outcomes resulting from the patient's refusal to take the prescribed medication. Once the physician is aware, further actions can be discussed and implemented to address the patient's concerns.

Inductive Reasoning process is applied in:

  • A. Qualitative research
  • B. Action research
  • C. Quantitative research
  • D. Applied research
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Inductive reasoning is the process of drawing general conclusions from specific observations or examples. It is often used in qualitative research to develop theories or explanations based on the data collected. Qualitative research focuses on understanding phenomena in their natural settings and uses inductive reasoning to interpret and make sense of the data. This approach allows researchers to explore complex issues and uncover new insights by analyzing the details and patterns within the data.

A pregnant woman presents with sudden onset of severe lower abdominal pain and syncope. On examination, she appears pale, and her abdomen is distended and tense. Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of these symptoms?

  • A. Ectopic pregnancy
  • B. Pelvic inflammatory disease
  • C. Placenta previa
  • D. Ruptured ovarian cyst
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Placenta previa is a condition in pregnancy where the placenta implants low in the uterus, partially or completely covering the cervix. This can lead to painless, bright red vaginal bleeding in the third trimester. However, in some cases, placenta previa can also present with sudden onset of severe lower abdominal pain and signs of shock, such as syncope, pallor, and abdominal distention due to concealed bleeding. In severe cases, the bleeding can be significant and life-threatening for both the mother and the baby. It is important to promptly diagnose and manage placenta previa to prevent complications.

Because of the failure to replace the defective electric fan immediately, a fire broke out and it became big enough to burn a major portion of the unit because the fire extinguisher was missing. What lesson can be gained from this?

  • A. Punishment must be imposed on erring employees
  • B. Reorientation of the new staff.
  • C. Refer the erring employee to HR.
  • D. Every protocol must be followed .
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The lesson that can be gained from this scenario is that every protocol must be followed. In this situation, failure to replace the defective electric fan immediately and having a missing fire extinguisher directly led to the fire escalating and causing significant damage. By ensuring that all safety protocols and procedures are followed promptly and consistently, potential hazards and risks can be mitigated or prevented. It is crucial for employees to understand the importance of adhering to established protocols in order to maintain a safe working environment and prevent accidents or emergencies.

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