The nurse is analyzing an electrocardiogram (ECG) rhythm strip on an assigned client. What should the nurse record as the client's PR interval?
- A. 0.12 second
- B. 0.20 second
- C. 0.24 second
- D. 0.40 second
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Standard ECG graph paper measurements are 0.04 second for each small box on the horizontal axis (measuring time) and 1 mm (measuring voltage) for each small box on the vertical axis.
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A client is scheduled for computed tomography (CT) of the kidneys to rule out renal disease. Which should the nurse assess the client for before the procedure to best assure the client's safety?
- A. Allergies
- B. Familial renal disease
- C. Frequent antibiotic use
- D. Long-term diuretic therapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The client undergoing any type of diagnostic testing involving possible dye administration should be questioned about allergies, specifically an allergy to shellfish or iodine. This is essential to identify the risk for potential allergic reaction to contrast dye, which may be used.
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with heart failure who has a magnesium level of 0.75 mEq/L (0.375 mmol/L). Which action should the nurse take?
- A. Monitor the client for irregular heart rhythms.
- B. Encourage the intake of antacids with phosphate.
- C. Teach the client to avoid foods high in magnesium.
- D. Provide a diet of ground beef, eggs, and chicken breast.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The normal magnesium level ranges from 1.3 to 2.1 mEq/L (0.65 to 1.05 mmol/L); therefore, this client is experiencing hypomagnesemia. The client should be monitored for dysrhythmias because magnesium plays an important role in myocardial nerve cell impulse conduction; thus, hypomagnesemia increases the client's risk of ventricular dysrhythmias. The nurse avoids administering phosphate in the presence of hypomagnesemia because it aggravates the condition. The nurse instructs the client to consume foods high in magnesium; ground beef, eggs, and chicken breast are low in magnesium.
After a cervical spine fracture, this device (refer to figure) is placed on the client. The nurse creates a discharge plan for the client to ensure safety and includes which measures? Select all that apply.
- A. Teach the client how to ambulate with a walker.
- B. Instruct the client to bend at the waist to pick up needed items.
- C. Demonstrate the procedure for scanning the environment for vision.
- D. Inform the client about the importance of wearing rubber-soled shoes.
- E. Teach the spouse to use the metal frame to assist the client to turn in bed.
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: The client with a halo fixation device should be taught that the use of a walker and rubber-soled shoes may help prevent falls and injury and are therefore also helpful. It is helpful for the client to scan the environment visually because the client's peripheral vision is diminished from keeping the neck in a stationary position. The client with a halo fixation device should avoid bending at the waist because the halo vest is heavy, and the client's trunk is limited in flexibility. The nurse instructs the client and family that the metal frame on the device is never used to move or lift the client because this will disrupt the attachment to the client's skull, which is stabilizing the fracture.
The nurse is admitting a client with a diagnosis of hypothyroidism. What assessment should the nurse perform to obtain data related to this diagnosis?
- A. Inspect facial features.
- B. Auscultate lung sounds.
- C. Percuss the thyroid gland.
- D. Inspect ability to ambulate safely.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Inspection of facial features will reveal the characteristic coarse features, presence of edema around the eyes and face, and the blank expression that are characteristics of hypothyroidism. The assessment techniques in options 2, 3, and 4 will not reveal information related to the diagnosis of hypothyroidism.
A child is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome. The nurse expects to note documentation of which manifestation in the medical record? Select all that apply.
- A. Edema
- B. Proteinuria
- C. Hypertension
- D. Abdominal pain
- E. Increased weight
- F. Hypoalbuminemia
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E,F
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome refers to a kidney disorder characterized by edema, proteinuria, and hypoalbuminemia. The child also experiences anorexia, fatigue, abdominal pain, respiratory infection, and increased weight. The child's blood pressure is usually normal or slightly below normal.