Nokea
The nurse is assessing a client experiencing anemia. Which laboratory findings will the nurse expect for this client? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Increased hematocrit
- B. Decreased red blood cell count
- C. Decreased serum iron
- D. Decreased hemoglobin
Correct Answer: b
Rationale: Correct Answer: B - Decreased red blood cell count
Rationale:
1. Anemia is defined by a decrease in red blood cells, causing decreased oxygen-carrying capacity.
2. A decreased red blood cell count is a key indicator of anemia.
3. Other choices are incorrect:
A. Increased hematocrit is not expected in anemia, as it indicates a higher concentration of red blood cells.
C. Decreased serum iron may be seen in iron-deficiency anemia but is not a universal finding in all types of anemia.
D. Decreased hemoglobin is a common finding in anemia but is not as specific as a decreased red blood cell count.
You may also like to solve these questions
A 13-year-old girl presents with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and a WBC count of 120,000/mm3. Cytogenetics reveals a normal karyotype, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) tests for inv(16), t(8;21), t(15;17); 11q23 abnormalities; monosomy 7; and 5q deletion are negative. Molecular testing is negative for mutations in FLT3, NPM1, and CEBPA. She is treated with 10 days of daunorubicin, AraC, and gemtuzumab for induction therapy. On day 30, she recovers counts, and a bone marrow aspiration shows 2.2% leukemic blasts by flow cytometry. She receives a second course of treatment with daunorubicin and AraC, and her marrow is now in morphologic remission and is MRD-negative by flow cytometry. She has no HLA-matched siblings, but an unrelated donor search reveals a large number of potential matches. Which course of treatment is most likely to result in the best outcome?
- A. Give two more courses of intensification chemotherapy.
- B. Perform an autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT).
- C. Give one more course of intensification chemotherapy and then perform a matched unrelated donor HSCT.
- D. Give one more course of intensification chemotherapy and then 1 year of maintenance chemotherapy.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the patient is in morphologic remission and MRD-negative after the second course of treatment. Given her high-risk AML and lack of HLA-matched siblings, a matched unrelated donor HSCT offers the best chance for long-term remission. Autologous HSCT (choice B) would risk reintroducing leukemic cells. Giving more courses of intensification chemotherapy alone (choice A) may not eradicate the disease. Maintenance chemotherapy alone (choice D) is not sufficient for high-risk AML. Therefore, choice C is the best option for maximizing the chances of a favorable outcome in this case.
A study is designed to investigate the rates of central line–associated blood stream infections (CLABSI) among pediatric hematology/oncology patients. Investigators wish to compare the length of stay (LOS) between subjects receiving three common central line types (totally implanted catheter [port], peripherally inserted central catheter [PICC], and tunneled externalized catheter [TEC]). It is discovered that LOS is not normally distributed. What is the appropriate test for comparing the LOS between patients receiving the three central line types?
- A. Student's t test
- B. ANOVA
- C. Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test
- D. Kruskal-Wallis test
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Kruskal-Wallis test. Since the LOS data is not normally distributed, parametric tests like Student's t test and ANOVA are not appropriate. The Kruskal-Wallis test is a non-parametric test used to compare three or more independent groups when the data is not normally distributed. It ranks the LOS values across the three central line types and tests whether there are differences in medians. The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test (choice C) is used for comparing two independent groups, not three. Therefore, it is not the appropriate test in this scenario.
During haemostasis, prostacyclin
- A. Cleaves prothrombin into thrombin
- B. Causes vasodilation
- C. Stimulates platelet aggregation
- D. Activates fibrinolysis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prostacyclin is a vasodilator that inhibits platelet aggregation and promotes fibrinolysis. Vasodilation helps reduce blood pressure, improve blood flow, and prevent clot formation. Therefore, choice B is correct. Choice A is incorrect as prostacyclin does not cleave prothrombin. Choice C is incorrect as prostacyclin inhibits platelet aggregation. Choice D is incorrect as prostacyclin does not activate fibrinolysis.
Graft versus host disease is a complication of transfusion in patients of bone marrow transplantation. This can be best avoided by
- A. Transfusion of packed cells
- B. Irradiating the blood components before transfusion
- C. Transfusing fresh whole blood
- D. Replacement by crystalloids
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Irradiating the blood components before transfusion. Graft versus host disease occurs when donor immune cells attack the recipient's tissues. Irradiating blood components helps to eliminate donor T cells, reducing the risk of this complication. Choice A (Transfusion of packed cells) does not address the issue of donor T cells. Choice C (Transfusing fresh whole blood) may actually increase the risk as it contains more viable donor immune cells. Choice D (Replacement by crystalloids) is not a suitable alternative for blood transfusion.
Waldeyer's ring does not include:
- A. faucal tonsils
- B. submandibular glands
- C. adenoids
- D. lingual tonsils
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: submandibular glands. Waldeyer's ring consists of a ring of lymphoid tissue in the pharynx, including the palatine tonsils (faucal tonsils), adenoids, and lingual tonsils. Submandibular glands are salivary glands located beneath the mandible and are not part of Waldeyer's ring. Therefore, B is the correct answer. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they are all components of Waldeyer's ring.