Nokea
The nurse is assessing a patient for dietary factors that may influence her risk for osteoporosis. What nutrients should the nurse question the patient about her intake of?
- A. Calcium
- B. Simple carbohydrates
- C. Vitamin D
- D. Protein
- E. Soluble fiber
Correct Answer: A,C
Rationale: A patient's risk for osteoporosis is strongly influenced by vitamin D and calcium intake. Carbohydrate, protein, and fiber intake do not have direct effect on the development of osteoporosis.
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A patient injured in a motor vehicle accident has sustained a fracture to the diaphysis of the right femur. Of what is the diaphysis of the femur mainly constructed?
- A. Epiphyses
- B. Cartilage
- C. Cortical bone
- D. Cancellous bone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The long bone shaft, which is referred to as the diaphysis, is constructed primarily of cortical bone.
A patient has been experiencing an unexplained decline in knee function and has consequently been scheduled for arthrography. The nurse should teach the patient about what process?
- A. Injection of a contrast agent into the knee joint prior to ROM exercises
- B. Aspiration of synovial fluid for serologic testing
- C. Injection of corticosteroids into the patient's knee joint to facilitate ROM
- D. Replacement of the patient's synovial fluid with a synthetic substitute
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: During arthrography, a radiopaque contrast agent or air is injected into the joint cavity to visualize the joint structures such as the ligaments, cartilage, tendons, and joint capsule. The joint is put through its range of motion to distribute the contrast agent while a series of x-rays are obtained. Synovial fluid is not aspirated or replaced and corticosteroids are not administered.
The human body is designed to protect its vital parts. A fracture of what type of bone may interfere with the protection of vital organs?
- A. Long bones
- B. Short bones
- C. Flat bones
- D. Irregular bones
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Flat bones, such as the sternum, provide vital organ protection. Fractures of the flat bones may lead to puncturing of the vital organs or may interfere with the protection of the vital organs. Long, short, and irregular bones do not usually have this physiologic function.
A public health nurse is organizing a campaign that will address the leading cause of musculoskeletal-related disability in the United States. The nurse should focus on what health problem?
- A. Osteoporosis
- B. Arthritis
- C. Hip fractures
- D. Lower back pain
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The leading cause of musculoskeletal-related disability in the United States is arthritis.
While assessing a patient, the patient tells the nurse that she is experiencing rhythmic muscle contractions when the nurse performs passive extension of her wrist. What is this pattern of muscle contraction referred to as?
- A. Fasciculations
- B. Contractures
- C. Effusion
- D. Clonus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Clonus may occur when the ankle is dorsiflexed or the wrist is extended. It is characterized as rhythmic contractions of the muscle. Fasciculation is involuntary twitching of muscle fiber groups. Contractures are prolonged tightening of muscle groups and an effusion is the pathologic escape of body fluid.