Nokea
The nurse is assessing an infant with developmental dysplasia of the hip. Which finding would the nurse anticipate?
- A. Unequal leg length
- B. Limited adduction
- C. Diminished femoral pulses
- D. Symmetrical gluteal folds
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Unequal leg length. Shortening of the affected leg is a sign of developmental dysplasia of the hip.
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During morning rounds, the nurse notices that a client who was admitted 3 days ago with hepatic encephalopathy is sleepy and confused. The client is scheduled for discharge later today. Which interventions are appropriate for the nurse to implement? Select all that apply.
- A. Compare current mental status to previous findings
- B. Encourage the client to ambulate in the hallway
- C. Hold the client's morning dose of lactulose
- D. Monitor the client's ammonia level
- E. Observe the client's hand movements with the arms extended
Correct Answer: A,D,E
Rationale: Comparing mental status, monitoring ammonia, and observing for asterixis (hand flapping) assess worsening encephalopathy, delaying discharge. Ambulation is unsafe, and holding lactulose may worsen symptoms.
The nurse cares for a confused client who continues to pull at the intravenous (IV) catheter on the left forearm despite frequent instructions not to do so. What is the nurse's next action?
- A. Apply a gauze wrap and elastic stockinette around the IV site
- B. Apply a mitt on the right hand
- C. Apply a soft wrist restraint on the right wrist
- D. Apply an arm board to the left arm
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An arm board on the left arm stabilizes the IV site, reducing pulling without restraining the client, aligning with least-restrictive interventions. Mitts or restraints on the right side do not protect the left-sided IV.
The nurse is administering a tap water enema when the client begins to complain of abdominal cramping. The nurse should:
- A. Stop the administration of the enema.
- B. Lower the height of the enema container.
- C. Clamp the enema tubing and withdraw it slowly.
- D. Advance the tubing 1-2 inches.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lowering the enema container slows the flow, reducing cramping. Stopping or withdrawing the tubing is premature, and advancing may worsen discomfort.
The nurse explains an autograft to a client scheduled for excision of a skin tumor. The nurse knows the client understands the procedure when the client says, 'I will receive tissue from
- A. a tissue bank.
- B. a pig.
- C. my thigh.
- D. synthetic skin.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Autografts are done with tissue transplanted from the client's own skin.
The nurse is giving home care to an elderly client with angina pectoris and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which observation is of most concern and should be reported immediately?
- A. The client reports chest discomfort yesterday while taking a walk.
- B. The nurse observes several brown spots on the client's arms and legs.
- C. The client reports an ingrown toenail that is getting more painful.
- D. The client reports shortness of breath when climbing stairs.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chest discomfort in a client with angina suggests possible cardiac ischemia, requiring immediate reporting to prevent myocardial infarction. Brown spots, toenail pain, or exertional dyspnea are less urgent.