Nokea
The nurse is assessing children in a pediatric clinic. Which statement is true regarding the measurement of blood pressure in children?
- A. Blood pressure guidelines for children are based on age.
- B. Phase II Korotkoff sounds are the best indicator of systolic blood pressure in children.
- C. Using a Doppler device is recommended for accurate blood pressure measurements until adolescence.
- D. The disappearance of phase V Korotkoff sounds can be used for the diastolic reading in children.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The disappearance of phase V Korotkoff sounds can be used for the diastolic reading in children, as well as in adults. Blood pressure guidelines for children are based on more than just age, but also sex and height. Phase I Korotkoff, not Phase II, is the best indicator of systolic blood pressure. The true statement regarding the measurement of blood pressure in children is that the disappearance of phase V Korotkoff sounds can be used for the diastolic reading in children, as well as in adults.
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During change-of-shift report, the nurse learns about the following four patients. Which patient requires assessment first?
- A. 40-year-old with chronic pancreatitis who has gnawing abdominal pain
- B. 58-year-old who has compensated cirrhosis and is complaining of anorexia
- C. 55-year-old with cirrhosis and ascites who has an oral temperature of 102°F (38.8°C)
- D. 36-year-old recovering from a laparoscopic cholecystectomy who has severe shoulder pain
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When prioritizing patient assessments, the nurse should address the patient with cirrhosis and ascites who has an elevated oral temperature of 102°F (38.8°C) first. This presentation suggests a potential infection, which is critical to address promptly in a patient with liver disease. An infection in a patient with cirrhosis can quickly progress to severe complications. The other options, such as chronic pancreatitis with abdominal pain, compensated cirrhosis with anorexia, and post-laparoscopic cholecystectomy with shoulder pain, do not indicate an immediate life-threatening situation requiring urgent assessment compared to a possible infection in a patient with cirrhosis and ascites.
The nurse is teaching a student nurse about the different types of thermometers. When teaching the student about the advantages of the tympanic membrane thermometer (TMT), which statement would the nurse include?
- A. "Measuring temperature using the TMT is cost-effective."?
- B. "The rapid measurement of the TMT is beneficial for uncooperative younger children."?
- C. "TMT is not recommended for measuring core body temperature in newborn infants."?
- D. "TMT is not the preferred method for measuring body temperature in patients with otitis media."?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is "The rapid measurement of the TMT is beneficial for uncooperative younger children." TMT is ideal for young children who may not cooperate for oral temperatures or fear rectal temperatures. However, using TMT for newborn infants is not recommended due to inconsistencies in results. Measuring temperature with TMT is not necessarily cost-effective. The most accurate method for measuring core temperature is through rectal temperatures. TMT may not be the preferred method for patients with otitis media due to potential inaccuracies caused by fluid behind the tympanic membrane.
A child is admitted to the hospital several days after stepping on a sharp object that punctured her athletic shoe and entered the flesh of her foot. The physician is concerned about osteomyelitis and has ordered parenteral antibiotics. Which of the following actions is done immediately before the antibiotic is started?
- A. The admission orders are written.
- B. A blood culture is drawn.
- C. A complete blood count with differential is drawn.
- D. The parents arrive.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Before starting antibiotics, a blood culture should be drawn to identify the causative organism. This step is crucial as antibiotics may interfere with the identification process. Drawing a complete blood count with differential or writing admission orders are important steps in patient care but are not as critical as obtaining a blood culture to guide appropriate antibiotic therapy. The arrival of the parents is not directly related to the immediate action required before starting antibiotics in this scenario.
A student is late for an appointment and has rushed across campus to the health clinic. How should the nurse proceed?
- A. Allow 5 minutes for the student to relax and rest before checking their vital signs.
- B. Check the blood pressure in both arms, expecting a difference in the readings due to the recent exercise.
- C. Immediately monitor the student's vital signs upon arrival at the clinic and then 5 minutes later, recording any differences.
- D. Check the student's blood pressure in the supine position to provide a more accurate reading and allow the student to relax at the same time.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: To ensure an accurate blood pressure reading, it is important for the student to be in a relaxed state. Allowing at least a 5-minute rest period helps reduce anxiety and provides a valid blood pressure measurement. Checking the blood pressure in both arms is unnecessary unless there is a specific reason to suspect an issue, and recent exercise should not significantly impact the readings. Monitoring vital signs immediately upon arrival may not yield accurate results due to the rush and anxiety of the student. Checking blood pressure in the supine position is not necessary in this scenario and does not provide a more accurate reading.
A triage nurse has four clients arrive in the emergency department within 15 minutes. Which client should the triage nurse send back to be seen first?
- A. A 2-month-old infant with a history of rolling off the bed and having a bulging fontanelle with crying
- B. A teenager who suffered singed facial hair while camping
- C. An elderly client with complaints of frequent liquid brown-colored stools
- D. A middle-aged client with intermittent pain behind the right scapula
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is the teenager who suffered singed facial hair while camping. This client is in the greatest danger with a potential risk of respiratory distress. Singed facial hair indicates exposure to heat or fire in close range, which could have caused serious damage to the interior of the lungs. It's crucial to prioritize this client as the interior lining of the lungs has no nerve fibers, so swelling may not be immediately noticeable. The other choices, while concerning, do not present an immediate life-threatening situation. The infant's condition may be serious but does not pose an immediate danger of respiratory distress. The elderly client's symptoms could indicate gastrointestinal issues, which are important but not as urgent as potential respiratory compromise. The middle-aged client's pain behind the right scapula, while uncomfortable, does not indicate an acute life-threatening condition requiring immediate attention.