Nokea
The nurse is assessing children in a pediatric clinic. Which statement is true regarding the
measurement of blood pressure in children?
- A. Blood pressure guidelines for children are based on age.
- B. Phase II Korotkoff sounds are the best indicator of systolic blood pressure in
children. - C. Using a Doppler device is recommended for accurate blood pressure measurements
until adolescence.
- D. The disappearance of phase V Korotkoff sounds can be used for the diastolic
reading in children.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The disappearance of phase V Korotkoff sounds can be used for the diastolic reading in children, as
well as in adults. Blood pressure guidelines for children are based on more than just age, but also sex
and height. Phase I Korotkoff, not Phase II, is the best indicator of systolic blood pressure. The true
statement regarding the measurement of blood pressure in children is that the disappearance of phase
V Korotkoff sounds can be used for the diastolic reading in children, as well as in adults.
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A parent calls the pediatric clinic and is frantic about the bottle of cleaning fluid her child drank for 20 minutes. Which of the following is the most important instruction the nurse can give the parent?
- A. This too shall pass.
- B. Take the child immediately to the ER
- C. Contact the Poison Control Center quickly
- D. Give the child syrup of ipecac
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In situations where a child has ingested a potentially harmful substance, contacting the Poison Control Center quickly is crucial. The Poison Control Center can provide specific guidance tailored to the child's situation, which can include whether immediate medical attention is necessary or if any actions need to be taken at home. Option A, 'This too shall pass,' is not appropriate as it dismisses the seriousness of the situation. Option B, 'Take the child immediately to the ER,' may not always be the best course of action without guidance from experts. Option D, 'Give the child syrup of ipecac,' is outdated advice and not recommended as a first response to poisoning incidents.
A leukemia patient has a relative who wants to donate blood for transfusion. Which of the following donor medical conditions would prevent this?
- A. A history of hepatitis C five years previously
- B. Cholecystitis requiring cholecystectomy one year previously
- C. Asymptomatic diverticulosis
- D. Crohn's disease in remission
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A history of hepatitis C five years previously would prevent a donor from donating blood for transfusion. Hepatitis C is a viral infection transmitted through bodily fluids, such as blood, causing inflammation of the liver. Patients with hepatitis C may not donate blood for transfusion due to the high risk of infection in the recipient. Cholecystitis requiring cholecystectomy one year previously, asymptomatic diverticulosis, and Crohn's disease in remission are not contraindications for blood donation as they do not pose a risk of transmitting infections to the recipient.
You are preparing to admit a patient with a seizure disorder. Which of the following actions can you delegate to an LPN/LVN?
- A. Complete admission assessment.
- B. Set up oxygen and suction equipment.
- C. Place a padded tongue blade at the bedside.
- D. Pad the side rails before the patient arrives.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to delegate the task of setting up oxygen and suction equipment to the LPN/LVN. This task falls within their scope of practice and can be safely performed by them. Completing the admission assessment (Choice A) typically requires a higher level of assessment and critical thinking, making it more appropriate for a registered nurse. Placing a padded tongue blade at the bedside (Choice C) involves potential airway management, which is a more complex task and should be done by a higher-level provider. Padding the side rails before the patient arrives (Choice D) is a task related to patient safety and should be done by the healthcare team as a whole, not solely delegated to an LPN/LVN.
The healthcare professional is preparing to measure the length, weight, chest, and head circumference of a 6-month-old infant. Which measurement technique is correct?
- A. Measuring the infant's length using a tape measure
- B. Weighing the infant on an electronic standing scale
- C. Measuring the chest circumference at the nipple line with a tape measure
- D. Measuring the head circumference by wrapping the tape measure around the head
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: For accurate measurements, specific techniques are required for different parameters in infants. Measuring the chest circumference involves encircling the chest at the nipple line. Length should be measured on a horizontal measuring board. Weight should be measured using a platform-type balance scale. Head circumference measurement entails ensuring the tape is aligned at the eyebrows and prominent frontal and occipital bones for the widest span. Therefore, the correct technique for measuring the chest circumference is at the nipple line with a tape measure. The other options are incorrect because length should be measured on a horizontal board, weight should be measured on a balance scale, and head circumference should be measured around the head, not over the nose and cheekbones.
In which of these patients would rectal temperatures be measured?
- A. Older adult
- B. Critically ill patient
- C. School-age child
- D. Patient receiving oxygen via nasal cannula
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rectal temperature measurement is preferred in situations where other routes are impractical or when the most accurate measure is necessary, such as in critically ill patients. The rectal route may be chosen due to its reliability in such cases. For older adults, school-age children, and patients receiving oxygen via nasal cannula, rectal temperature measurement is not typically indicated. Other routes like oral, tympanic, or axillary measurements are more commonly used in these populations due to comfort, convenience, and non-invasive nature.