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A client with tuberculosis (TB) is taking isoniazid (INH). Which instruction is most important for the nurse to include?
- A. Take the medication with food to avoid stomach upset.
- B. Avoid exposure to sunlight while taking this medication.
- C. Report any numbness or tingling in extremities.
- D. Have liver function tests done regularly.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Isoniazid (INH) can cause liver toxicity.
Step 2: Regular liver function tests help monitor for liver damage.
Step 3: Monitoring liver function is crucial to prevent serious complications.
Step 4: Other choices are not directly related to INH's side effects.
Summary: Choice D is correct as it directly addresses a potential serious side effect of INH. Choices A, B, and C are not directly relevant to the medication's side effects.
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A patient is receiving discharge instructions after experiencing a stroke. Which instruction is most important for preventing another stroke?
- A. Take prescribed antihypertensive medications regularly.
- B. Engage in physical therapy exercises.
- C. Follow a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet.
- D. Attend regular follow-up appointments with the healthcare provider.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Take prescribed antihypertensive medications regularly. This is the most important instruction for preventing another stroke because hypertension is a major risk factor for strokes. By controlling blood pressure with antihypertensive medications, the patient can significantly reduce the risk of another stroke. Engaging in physical therapy exercises (choice B) can be beneficial for overall recovery but is not as critical for stroke prevention as managing blood pressure. Following a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet (choice C) is important for heart health but not the most crucial for stroke prevention. Attending regular follow-up appointments (choice D) is essential for monitoring progress and adjusting treatment but does not directly prevent another stroke like managing hypertension does.
When caring for a client with Alzheimer's disease, what is the most appropriate communication technique for a nurse to use?
- A. Providing detailed explanations
- B. Speaking in a loud and clear voice
- C. Using simple and direct statements
- D. Offering multiple choices to the client
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most appropriate communication technique for a client with Alzheimer's disease is using simple and direct statements (Choice C). This approach is effective because it helps reduce confusion and enhances understanding for individuals with cognitive impairment. Complex explanations (Choice A) may overwhelm the client. Speaking loudly (Choice B) can be perceived as aggressive or intimidating. Offering multiple choices (Choice D) may lead to decision-making difficulties. Therefore, Choice C is the best option for clear and effective communication with Alzheimer's clients.
To prepare Mr. Singer for esophageal speech, the nurse can be most helpful by assisting him to
- A. Take air into the esophagus
- B. Develop abdominal breathing
- C. Take deep breaths
- D. Regulate coughing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Esophageal speech requires learning to trap and expel air from the esophagus.
A client with end-stage heart failure who is awaiting a transplant appears depressed and states, 'I know a transplant is my last chance, but I don't want to become a vegetable.' How should the nurse respond?
- A. Would you like information about advance directives?
- B. I will arrange for a psychiatrist to speak with you.
- C. Do you want to come off the transplant list?
- D. Would you like to speak with a priest or chaplain?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Would you like information about advance directives? This is the appropriate response as it addresses the client's concerns about becoming a vegetable and explores their wishes for end-of-life care. Advance directives can help the client make decisions about their care in case they are unable to communicate in the future. The other choices are incorrect because B assumes the client needs psychiatric evaluation, C suggests removing them from the transplant list without exploring their concerns further, and D focuses on spiritual support rather than addressing the client's specific worries about their quality of life post-transplant.
What behavioral clues will you watch for to identify an increased risk for suicide?
- A. Deep breathing exercises
- B. Avoid social interactions
- C. Ignore stressors
- D. Increase workload
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it is the most appropriate response based on physiological and medical principles.