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The nurse is assessing for negative symptoms of schizophrenia in a newly admitted client. The nurse would note which behavior as indicative of a negative symptom?
- A. Difficulty staying on subject when responding to assessment questions
- B. Belief of owning a transportation device allowing for travel to the center of the Earth
- C. Hesitant to answer the nurse's questions during the assessment interview
- D. Mimicking the postural changes made by the nurse during the assessment interview
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hesitancy to answer reflects alogia, a negative symptom, unlike associative looseness, delusions, or echopraxia, which are positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
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The nurse is working with a client with schizophrenia, disorganized type. It is time for the client to get up and eat breakfast. Which of the following statements by the nurse would be most effective in helping the client prepare for breakfast?
- A. I'll expect you in the dining room in 20 minutes.
- B. It's time to put your dress on now.
- C. Stay right there and I'll get your clothes for you.
- D. Why don't you stay here and I'll get your tray for you.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clear, simple directions like dressing support self-care in disorganized schizophrenia, unlike authoritarian demands or doing tasks for the client.
A client with schizophrenia has returned to the clinic because of an increase in symptoms. The client reports he stopped taking his meds because he did not like the side effects. The nurse educates the client about managing uncomfortable side effects. Which of the following is included in the teaching plan?
- A. Suck on hard candy as desired
- B. Spend at least 30 minutes outside in the sun daily
- C. Use stool softeners as needed
- D. Decrease the amount of daily fluid intake
- E. Maintain a balanced calorie-controlled diet
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: Managing side effects like dry mouth (candy), constipation (stool softeners), and weight gain (diet) supports adherence, unlike increased sun exposure or reduced fluid intake.
A client who has suspicion has been placed in a room with a roommate. The night nurse reports that this client has been awake for the past 3 nights. The likely explanation for his wakefulness is which of the following?
- A. He is fearful of what his roommate might do to him while he sleeps.
- B. He is a light sleeper and unaccustomed to a roommate.
- C. He is watching for an opportunity to escape.
- D. He is worrying about his family problems.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Suspicion in schizophrenia often causes fear of harm from others, like a roommate, making it the most likely reason for wakefulness over other explanations.
The nurse is preparing a client with schizophrenia for discharge. The nurse asks the client, 'How are you going to care for yourself at home?' The purpose of the nurse's question is to assess the client's
- A. Self concept
- B. Judgment
- C. Insight
- D. Social support system
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Asking about self-care plans assesses insight, the client's awareness of their illness and ability to manage it, unlike self-concept, judgment, or social support.
The nurse reviews current literature and identifies that which of the following are included in current studies of biologic theories regarding the etiology of schizophrenia?
- A. That there is a particular pathologic structure associated with the disease.
- B. That genetics is the cause of schizophrenia.
- C. Persons with schizophrenia have decreased brain volume and abnormal brain function in the frontal and temporal areas of persons with schizophrenia.
- D. The brain activity of persons with schizophrenia differs from people who do not have schizophrenia.
- E. That the etiology of schizophrenia may be related to the body's response to exposure of a virus.
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E
Rationale: Biologic theories include genetics, decreased brain volume, abnormal brain function, and immunovirology (viral response), but no specific pathologic structure has been identified.