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The nurse is assisting with the development of a program to administer flu shots to a group of senior citizens. What type of prevention does this program reflect?
- A. Primary prevention
- B. Secondary prevention
- C. Tertiary prevention
- D. Prevalence
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Primary prevention is prevention of the development of disease in a susceptible or potentially susceptible population and includes health promotion and immunization. Secondary prevention is the early diagnosis and treatment to shorten duration and severity of an illness, reduce contagion, and limit complications. Tertiary prevention is healthcare to limit the degree of disability or promote rehabilitation in chronic, irreversible diseases. Prevalence is the number of cases of a disease in a specific population during a specific period.
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The nurse working in the clinic has had several incidences of positive chlamydia cultures return in women with pelvic pain. The nurse understands that early diagnosis and treatment are essential measures in which to reduce contagion and limit the complications related to this infection. What type of prevention will the nurse use when these infections are treated?
- A. Primary prevention
- B. Secondary prevention
- C. Tertiary prevention
- D. Prevalence
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Secondary prevention is the early diagnosis and treatment to shorten duration and severity of an illness, reduce contagion, and limit complications. Tertiary prevention is healthcare to limit the degree of disability or promote rehabilitation in chronic, irreversible diseases. Prevalence is the number of cases of a disease in a specific population during a specific period. Primary prevention is prevention of the development of disease in a susceptible or potentially susceptible population and includes health promotion and immunization.
A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease visits a local long-term care facility once a week to lead a bingo game for the residents. How does the nurse determine that this client is achieving a high level of wellness?
- A. The client enjoys the activity that the nurse provides to the clients.
- B. The client finds satisfaction in socialization with the residents.
- C. The client is achieving a high quality of life within the limits of the illness.
- D. The client needs to feel a part of a group setting.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Clients with chronic illness can achieve a high level of wellness if they can experience a high quality of life within the limits of that illness. By engaging in a personal and social activity weekly, this client would be considered healthy. Although the client may enjoy the activity, find satisfaction in socialization, or need to feel a part of a group, choosing to take part in an activity that promotes a high quality of life within the limits of the client's illness is what demonstrates wellness to the nurse.
A client undergoing a surgical procedure at the hospital died related to complications during the procedure. The nurse is required to collect data about the event so that a cause can be determined. What type of quality indicators would be used in this incident?
- A. Prevention QIs
- B. Inpatient QIs
- C. Client safety QIs
- D. Pediatric QIs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Inpatient QIs reflect quality of care inside hospitals, including inpatient mortality for medical conditions and surgical procedures. Prevention QIs identify hospital admissions that could be avoided through high-quality outpatient care. Client safety QIs also reflect quality of care within hospitals but focus on potentially avoidable complications and adverse events. Pediatric QIs reflect quality of care inside hospitals and identify potentially avoidable hospitalization among children.
An HMO client obtained a second opinion regarding a diagnosis of colon cancer. There was no authorization obtained for this second opinion from the client or primary care provider. What is the consequence of this action?
- A. The client will be responsible for the entire bill for the second opinion.
- B. The client will still receive full coverage.
- C. The client will be dropped from the HMO for breaking the rules.
- D. The client will be fined by the HMO for not using the authorization process.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Members of an HMO must receive authorization for secondary care, such as second opinions from specialists or diagnostic testing. If members obtain unauthorized care, they are responsible for the entire bill. In this way, HMOs serve as gatekeepers for healthcare services. The member will not be fined or dropped from the program but will not receive coverage for the service rendered from the second opinion.
A client with terminal cancer is being referred to hospice services to assist with care of the client and the family in the home environment. What type of care does the nurse determine this is?
- A. Primary care
- B. Secondary care
- C. Tertiary care
- D. Acute care
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tertiary care focuses more on complex medical and surgical interventions, cancer care, rehabilitative services, long-term care such as burn care, and palliative and hospice care. This client is terminally ill and being referred for hospice service. Secondary care includes referrals to facilities for additional testing such as cardiac catheterization, consultation, and diagnosis as well as emergency and acute care interventions. The client does not fall into the acute care category. Primary care would include being seen by the client's primary physician.