Nokea
The nurse is caring for a child with cystic fibrosis. Which intervention is most important when the child is hospitalized with a respiratory infection?
- A. Administer prescribed antibiotics as soon as possible.
- B. Increase fluid intake to help thin mucus.
- C. Provide respiratory treatments and postural drainage.
- D. Encourage high-calorie, high-protein meals.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Respiratory treatments and postural drainage are critical to help clear mucus from the lungs in children with cystic fibrosis, especially during respiratory infections.
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The patient most probably has
- A. severe aortic stenosis
- B. patent ductus arteriosus
- C. Williams syndrome
- D. none of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The clinical features suggest severe aortic stenosis with left ventricular hypertrophy.
Possible causes of isosexual precocious puberty in a 6-year-old girl are:
- A. McCune-Albright syndrome
- B. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
- C. Ovarian tumour
- D. Hypothalamic hamartomas
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypothalamic hamartomas can cause precocious puberty by secreting gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) prematurely.
The following drugs induce hepatic enzymes:
- A. Rifampicin
- B. Phenobarbitone
- C. Cimetidine
- D. Erythromycin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rifampicin is known to induce hepatic enzymes, which can increase the metabolism of other drugs and reduce their efficacy.
Which among the following is not a feature of low flow - low gradient severe aortic stenosis with preserved left ventricular function?
- A. Mean trans aortic pressure gradient < 40 mm Hg
- B. Aortic valve area < 1 cm²
- C. Stroke volume > 35 ml/m²
- D. Left ventricular ejection fraction > 50%
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Stroke volume is typically reduced, not increased, in low flow - low gradient severe aortic stenosis.
All of the following are part of acute aortic syndrome, except
- A. Aortic dissection
- B. Acute aortic regurgitation
- C. Intramural hematoma
- D. Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acute aortic regurgitation is not typically considered part of acute aortic syndrome.