Nokea
The nurse is caring for a client and family member who are distressed about not having a concrete medical diagnosis. The client states, 'I have been through a lot of tests, and I still know nothing.' When confirming a psychobiologic diagnosis, the nurse is most accurate to state which of the following?
- A. We should have the conclusion of the tests soon. Hang in there.
- B. Diagnosis takes time to consult the specialist and to get those reports.
- C. Confirmation is achieved by ruling out other diseases that manifest similar symptoms.
- D. Psychotherapy will provide the best data to make a diagnosis.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Unfortunately, it has time to obtain a definitive diagnosis for a psychobiologic disorder. Diagnosis is frequently achieved by ruling out other diseases which manifest similar signs and symptoms. Stating the circumstances in the delay in diagnosis is the best and most accurate explanation. Simply saying that the tests will conclude soon and that it takes time to receive reports from specialists is general and does not assist the client in understanding why waiting for the reports is necessary. Psychotherapy provides a component of assessment data but not the best data.
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The nurse is caring for a client who has recently lost a spouse. Which question asked by the nurse is essential in guarding the client's immune system?
- A. Do you have friends and family to support you?
- B. Do you live alone in a one-story house?
- C. Are you able to prepare nutritious meals?
- D. Are your neighbors able to check on you?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When a client has very intense stress, such as the loss of a spouse, stress can lower the number of white blood cells impacting the immune system. There is also a connection between poorer immune function and loneliness. Asking the client about friends and family who are available to provide support is most helpful. Friends and family allow the client to share emotions and immune function improves. The other questions provide helpful data but not as pertinent to the immune system.
Which of the following suggestions made by the nurse is most helpful in developing effective coping through the aging process?
- A. Make life decisions.
- B. Limit medication use.
- C. Avoid friends who are ill.
- D. Manage personal care.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse is correct to encourage the aging client to maintain a sense of control by making life decisions independently. Limiting medication use depends on the client's health. Avoiding friends can cause alienation. Managing personal care is helpful, if able, but not as important as making life decisions.
The nurse is admitting a client into a mental health facility and completing a mental status examination. Which assessment criteria would the nurse document to complete a total score? Select all that apply.
- A. Thought content
- B. Family report
- C. Physical appearance
- D. Attention
- E. History of abuse
- F. Memory
Correct Answer: A,C,D,F
Rationale: A mental status examination is one component of a thorough neurologic examination. It is an array of observations and questions that elicit information about a person's cognitive and mental state. The examination does not document a family report or a past history of physical abuse.
What is the result of the appropriate use of coping mechanisms?
- A. Maintenance of psychobologic equilibrium
- B. Psychological growth
- C. Altered body functions or symptoms
- D. Restored biologic functions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When used appropriately and in moderation, coping mechanisms allow maintenance of psychological equilibrium and lead to psychological growth. Appropriate use of coping mechanisms does not alter body functions or symptoms or restore biologic functions.
Impaired balance and uncontrolled tremors of Parkinson disease is correlated with which neurotransmitter?
- A. Glutamate
- B. Acetylcholine
- C. Dopamine
- D. Serotonin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The impaired balance and uncontrolled tremors of Parkinson disease have been linked with low levels of dopamine. The other neurotransmitters have not been implicated in Parkinson's disease in this manner.