Nokea
The nurse is caring for a client in the tertiary stage of a syphilis infection. Which assessment finding is anticipated?
- A. The client has ulcers in the genital region.
- B. The client has arthritis symptoms making ambulation difficult.
- C. The client has dementia and cannot care for himself or herself.
- D. The client complains of a headache and sore throat.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The client in the tertiary stage of a syphilis infection is expected to have central nervous system complications including dementia. In the primary stage, a chancre appears on the genitals. In the secondary stage, a fever, malaise, rash, headache, and sore throat are anticipated. There are no musculoskeletal symptoms associated with syphilis.
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The nurse is addressing a multidisciplinary panel stating the need for continued education on sexually transmitted infections (STI). One of the points is the fact that the statistics of infection are underreported. Which is the main reason that statistics are underreported?
- A. Clients do not often seek treatment for STIs.
- B. Only certain STIs are reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
- C. Poor communication is suffered between their physician offices and reporting agency.
- D. Reporting physicians are afraid of being sued for a breach in confidentiality.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse is most correct to state that only certain sexually transmitted infections are mandated to be reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, thus providing incomplete data. Most clients with an infection report for treatment to a physician's office, clinic, or emergency department. Although communication between government agencies and local offices can always be improved, mandated reporting is specific to the information needed. There is no breach in confidentiality.
An instructor is teaching a group of students about the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STI's) and those that must be reported by law. The instructor determines that the students have understood the information when they state that which STI must be reported?
- A. Genital herpes
- B. Hepatitis B
- C. Syphilis
- D. Condylomata acuminata
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The law mandates reporting of syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, chancroid, and HIV/Aids, hepatitis B, and Zika virus. Genital herpes, venereal warts (condylomata acuminata), granuloma inguinale, and lymphogranuloma venereum are not reportable by law.
The nurse is caring for a female client diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection (STI). The client states that her sister also has an STI. Which instruction, by the nurse, provides the rationale for women obtaining infections more frequently than men?
- A. The vagina is more conducive to microbial growth.
- B. Menstrual flow provides the medium for growth.
- C. Women have a more difficult time with hygiene.
- D. Hormones alter the pH of the vagina.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The vagina's warm, moist environment is more conducive to microbial growth compared to male anatomy, increasing the likelihood of infections in women. Menstrual flow may facilitate bacterial growth but is not the primary reason. Hygiene practices vary individually and are not a primary cause. Hormonal changes can alter vaginal pH, but the vaginal environment itself is the key factor.
The nurse is instructing an adolescent female client who is not sexually active on potential vaccinations available. Which vaccination would the nurse state that decreases the risk of cervical cancer?
- A. Hepatitis B
- B. Human papilloma viral (HPV)
- C. Herpes zoster
- D. Meningococcal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Human papilloma viral (HPV) infection is the most commonly transmitted sexual disease in the United States. A strain of this infection can cause cervical cancer. An HPV vaccine is available to both females and males. For females, the vaccine decreases the risk of cervical cancer and genital warts. For males, the vaccine decreases the risk of genital warts and anal cancers. Hepatitis B vaccine protects against a liver disease. Herpes zoster is the vaccine for shingles. The meningococcal vaccine protects against several diseases including meningitis.
A client with genital warts is receiving treatment with a local application of trichloroacetic acid. Which client statement indicates adequate understanding of the procedure?
- A. One or two treatments should get rid of the warts.
- B. I'm temporarily not contagious once the warts are destroyed.
- C. Once the warts are gone, then I know I'm cured.
- D. My partner doesn't need to be treated.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Genital warts when treated chemically will most likely be eradicated after three to six cycles of treatment. Eradication does not mean the condition is cured; the person is temporarily noncontagious once the warts are destroyed. All sexual contacts of the client need to be examined and treated.