ATI Medical Surgical Proctored Exam

ATI Medical Surgical Proctored Exam Related

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When caring for a client with pneumonia, what intervention is most effective in preventing the spread of infection?

  • A. Administer prescribed antibiotics on time.
  • B. Encourage the client to use a tissue when coughing.
  • C. Place the client in a private room.
  • D. Perform hand hygiene before and after client contact.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because performing hand hygiene before and after client contact is crucial in preventing the spread of infection in pneumonia. This intervention helps in reducing the transmission of infectious agents from one client to another and from surfaces to clients. It is a fundamental infection control measure that minimizes the risk of spreading pathogens. Option A is important for treating the infection but does not directly prevent its spread. Option B is a good practice to contain respiratory secretions but may not be as effective as hand hygiene. Option C isolates the client but does not address the primary mode of transmission through contaminated hands.

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To attain the goal of ambulation for the patient who is hemiplegic, the initial care plan needs to be structured to first attain

  • A. acceptance of his altered body image
  • B. balance training
  • C. adequate energy level
  • D. ability to transfer from bed to chair
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The ability to transfer from bed to chair is a critical first step in preparing a hemiplegic patient for ambulation. This foundational skill builds confidence and strength before progressing to balance training or walking.

When teaching a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease about oxygen by cannula, the nurse should also instruct the client's family to:

  • A. Avoid smoking near the client.
  • B. Turn off oxygen during meals.
  • C. Adjust the liter flow to 10 as needed.
  • D. Remind the client to keep mouth closed.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Smoking near oxygen poses a fire hazard and exacerbates respiratory issues.

What factor would be most important to include in Wendy’s discharge teaching plan?

  • A. Effective breathing and coughing techniques
  • B. Scheduling of return follow-up visits
  • C. Program of recommended and contraindicated activities
  • D. Individualized measures to prevent future attacks
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Preventive measures reduce the likelihood of recurrent attacks.

A client with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is receiving heparin therapy. What is the priority assessment for the nurse?

  • A. Monitoring blood pressure
  • B. Checking the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
  • C. Assessing for signs of bleeding
  • D. Measuring calf circumference
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Assessing for signs of bleeding. This is the priority assessment because heparin therapy increases the risk of bleeding. Signs of bleeding include bruising, petechiae, blood in urine or stool, and excessive bleeding from wounds. Monitoring blood pressure (A) is important but not the priority in this situation. Checking aPTT (B) is important for evaluating the effectiveness of heparin therapy but does not take precedence over assessing for bleeding. Measuring calf circumference (D) is used to detect changes in calf size due to DVT but is not the priority assessment while the client is on heparin therapy.

During a preoperative review of systems, the patient reveals a history of renal disease. This finding suggests the need for which preoperative diagnostic tests?

  • A. ECG and chest x-ray
  • B. Serum glucose and CBC
  • C. ABGs and coagulation tests
  • D. BUN, serum creatinine, and electrolytes
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Renal disease necessitates evaluating kidney function through tests like BUN, serum creatinine, and electrolytes.

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