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What is the primary purpose of clinical pathways in healthcare?
- A. Reduce hospital readmissions
- B. Standardize care
- C. Provide individualized care
- D. Streamline care processes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Provide individualized care. Clinical pathways aim to offer a structured approach to patient care while allowing customization based on individual patient needs. By providing a standardized outline of care steps, healthcare providers can tailor treatment plans to meet each patient's unique circumstances. This promotes more personalized and effective care delivery.
Incorrect choices:
A: Reduce hospital readmissions - Clinical pathways may help in reducing readmissions, but this is not their primary purpose.
B: Standardize care - While clinical pathways do standardize care to some extent, their main goal is to individualize care based on patient needs.
D: Streamline care processes - While clinical pathways can streamline care processes, the primary focus is on providing individualized care rather than solely on process efficiency.
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The manager of a medical-surgical unit is very task-motivated. Using Fiedler's Contingency Theory, under what circumstances would the manager be most effective?
- A. Only during highly stressful situations.
- B. When there is little to no stress.
- C. Under highly structured situations.
- D. When the situation is loosely structured.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: According to Fiedler's Contingency Theory, task-motivated leaders are most effective in highly structured situations. This is because in such environments, the leader can focus on task accomplishment and clearly defined goals without needing to rely heavily on interpersonal relationships. In contrast, in loosely structured situations, task-motivated leaders may struggle as the lack of clear direction and ambiguity can hinder their task-oriented approach. Therefore, the correct answer is C. Choices A and B are incorrect as they focus on stress levels, which are not directly related to the effectiveness of task-motivated leaders. Choice D is incorrect because loosely structured situations are not ideal for task-motivated leaders according to Fiedler's theory.
A 38-year-old patient who has type 1 diabetes plans to swim laps daily at 1:00 PM. The clinic nurse will plan to teach the patient to
- A. check glucose levels before, during, and after swimming.
- B. delay eating the noon meal until after swimming.
- C. increase the morning dose of neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin.
- D. time the morning insulin injection so that the peak occurs while swimming.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the patient with type 1 diabetes should check glucose levels before, during, and after swimming to monitor for fluctuations and adjust insulin or food intake accordingly. This allows for better glycemic control and prevents hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia during and after swimming.
Choice B is incorrect because delaying eating can lead to hypoglycemia during swimming due to increased insulin action without adequate glucose intake. Choice C is incorrect as increasing NPH insulin dose without monitoring glucose levels can result in hypoglycemia during exercise. Choice D is incorrect because timing the insulin injection for peak action while swimming can also lead to hypoglycemia if glucose levels are not monitored.
When seeking their first nursing job, what is the most important factor that nursing graduates look for?
- A. Location
- B. Money
- C. Orientation
- D. Vacation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Orientation. Nursing graduates prioritize orientation as the most important factor when seeking their first job because it sets the foundation for their transition into the role. A thorough orientation program provides essential training, support, and guidance, which are crucial for their success and confidence in their new position. Location (A) may be important for convenience, but orientation directly impacts their ability to perform their duties effectively. Money (B) and vacation (D) are important but typically take a back seat to factors that directly impact their ability to excel in their new role.
Which of the following best describes the concept of holistic nursing?
- A. An approach that integrates the mind, body, and spirit in patient care
- B. A method that focuses solely on physical health
- C. A practice that considers only the patient's physical condition
- D. A framework for improving hospital administration
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because holistic nursing emphasizes integrating the mind, body, and spirit in patient care, considering the patient as a whole being. This approach recognizes the interconnectedness of physical, emotional, social, and spiritual aspects of health, promoting overall well-being. Choice B is incorrect because holistic nursing goes beyond physical health. Choice C is incorrect as it neglects the emotional and spiritual aspects. Choice D is unrelated to holistic nursing as it focuses on hospital administration rather than patient care. Holistic nursing aims to provide comprehensive and individualized care, acknowledging the importance of addressing all dimensions of a patient's health.
A nurse manager has two out of six staff nurses call in sick for one shift. Because of reduced availability of staff, the manager decides to manage the unit with the three remaining nurses, which keeps the unit at minimal staffing standards. What type of decision-making strategy would this be?
- A. Satisficing
- B. Routine
- C. Adaptive
- D. Rationalizing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Satisficing. Satisficing is a decision-making strategy where the decision-maker selects the first option that meets the minimum criteria or satisfies the immediate need. In this scenario, the nurse manager is making a decision to manage the unit with the three remaining nurses to meet the minimal staffing standards due to the unexpected absence of two nurses. This decision is based on satisfying the immediate need of maintaining minimal staffing levels despite not having the full staff complement available.
Summary:
B: Routine decision-making involves following established procedures and protocols, which is not the case in this scenario.
C: Adaptive decision-making involves adapting to changing circumstances, which is not the primary focus here.
D: Rationalizing decision-making involves thoroughly evaluating options and selecting the best one, which is not happening in this situation where the focus is on meeting minimum staffing standards quickly.