Nokea
The nurse is caring for a client who has acquired immunodeficiency disease (AIDS) and has developed oral thrush. What type of infection is the nurse aware that has developed due to the immunocompromised state of the client?
- A. Acute
- B. Chronic
- C. Secondary
- D. Opportunistic
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An opportunistic or superinfection occurs among immunocompromised hosts. Examples would be yeast infections in the mouth, bladder infections, gastroenteritis, and Pneumocystis carinii. An acute infection has a sudden onset with serious and sometimes life-threatening manifestations. A chronic infection is an extended infection that resists treatment. A secondary infection is a complication of some other disease process that occurred first.
You may also like to solve these questions
A client is diagnosed with a viral illness and requests an antibiotic to 'cure' the illness. When the request is refused by the physician, the client states to the nurse, 'I will never get better.' What is the best response by the nurse?
- A. I will speak with the physician again. You will only get better while taking an antibiotic.'
- B. Prescribing antibiotics for a viral infection may result in drug-resistant bacteria.'
- C. You need to think positively, and you will get better soon.'
- D. Taking antibiotics when you don't need them will make you sick.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Causes of antibiotic resistance, a consequence of bacterial mutations that interfere with the mechanism of antibiotic action, are related to inappropriate prescription of antibiotics for viral (rather than bacterial) infection. Because viral infections are often self-limiting, with symptoms control, the client will get better. Indicating that the client is not thinking positively is a nontherapeutic comment. Informing the client that taking unnecessary antibiotics will cause illness is not detailed enough to be an informative response.
A nurse on the unit sustains a needlestick injury while caring for a client whose infectious status is unknown. What would be the best course of action for the nurse to follow?
- A. Avoid notifying the supervisor of the injury until the client's infectious status is confirmed.
- B. Avoid revealing the identity of the client or source of blood.
- C. Be tested for disease antibodies at appropriate intervals.
- D. Document the injury in writing after the client's infectious status is confirmed.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: If a needlestick injury has occurred, the nurse should be tested for disease antibodies immediately and at appropriate intervals thereafter. The nurse should document the injury in writing immediately and should not wait until the client's infectious status is confirmed. The nurse should also notify the supervisor of the injury immediately and identify the person or source of blood, if possible.
A client with a Staphylococcus aureus infection present in a sacral pressure ulcer has received treatment with three courses of antibiotics without eliminating the infection. What does the nurse understand has occurred with the client?
- A. The client has a multidrug-resistant strain of bacteria.
- B. The client has been misdiagnosed and has another type of microorganism present.
- C. Staphylococcus aureus cannot be treated by antibiotics.
- D. Staphylococcus aureus is a fungus and must be treated with an antifungal agent, not an antibiotic.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Some bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli, are developing multidrug resistance, the ability to remain unaffected by antimicrobial drugs such as antibiotics. There are no facts to indicate the client has been misdiagnosed. Staphylococcus aureus is treated with antibiotics and is a bacterium, not a fungus.
The nurse is working on a gerontology unit. A family member calls and tells the nurse they want to bring the family in to see one of the clients on the unit. The family member is concerned because several of the family members have colds. What instructions should the nurse provide to someone with a respiratory infection?
- A. Avoid intake of frozen foods.
- B. Avoid visiting older adults.
- C. Avoid direct sunlight.
- D. Avoid meats and other protein-rich foods.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse should instruct anyone with respiratory infections to avoid visiting older adults until symptoms subside; older adults are more susceptible to infections because their defense mechanisms are less efficient. It is not essential for the client to avoid frozen or protein-rich foods or direct sunlight.
A client arrives at the clinic reporting vaginal discharge after having sexual intercourse 1 week ago. The client is diagnosed with gonorrhea and given a prescription for treatment. What type of infection transmission does the nurse understand occurred?
- A. Direct contact
- B. Droplet
- C. Airborne
- D. Vehicle
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The route of transmission for a sexually transmitted disease is by direct contact. An infected person transmits the infection to a susceptible person. A droplet transmission is a spray of moist particles within a 3-foot radius of an infected person. An airborne transmission is suspension and transport on air currents beyond 3 feet. An infection transmitted by vehicle is on or in contaminated food, water, objects, or equipment.