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The nurse is caring for a client who is confused and fell trying to get out of bed. There is no family at the client's bedside. Which action should the nurse implement first?
- A. Contact a family member to come and stay with the client.
- B. Administer a sedative medication to the client.
- C. Place the client in a chair with a sheet tied around him or her.
- D. Notify the health-care provider to obtain a restraint order.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Notifying the HCP for a restraint order ensures safety and legal compliance for a confused client at risk of falls. Family contact, sedation, or makeshift restraints are unsafe or secondary.
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The client receiving dialysis for end-stage renal disease wants to quit dialysis and die. Which ethical principle supports the client's right to die?
- A. Autonomy.
- B. Self-determination.
- C. Beneficence.
- D. Justice.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Autonomy supports a client’s right to make decisions, including refusing treatment, per ethical standards. Self-determination is synonymous, but autonomy is the precise term.
The primary nurse caring for the client who died is crying with the family at the bedside. Which action should the charge nurse implement?
- A. Request the primary nurse to come out in the hall.
- B. Refer the nurse to the employee assistance program.
- C. Allow the nurse and family this time to grieve.
- D. Ask the chaplain to relieve the nurse at the bedside.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Allowing the nurse to grieve with the family supports emotional bonding, unless it impairs care. Removing, referring, or replacing the nurse may disrupt this moment.
The family has requested a client with terminal cancer not be told of the diagnosis. The client tells the nurse, 'I think something is really wrong with me, but the doctor says everything is all right. Do you know if there is something wrong with me?' Which response by the nurse would support the ethical principle of veracity?
- A. I think you should talk to your doctor about your concerns.
- B. What makes you think something is really wrong?
- C. Your family has requested you not be told your diagnosis.
- D. The doctor would never tell you incorrect information.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Veracity (truth-telling) requires honesty; acknowledging the family’s request respects their wishes while addressing the client’s question, prompting further discussion. Other responses evade truth.
The nurse is teaching a class on ethical principles in nursing. Which statement supports the definition of beneficence?
- A. The duty to prevent or avoid doing harm.
- B. The duty to actively do good for clients.
- C. The duty to be faithful to commitments.
- D. The duty to tell the truth to the clients.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Beneficence is the duty to actively promote client well-being, per ethical principles. Nonmalfeasance, fidelity, and veracity are distinct principles.
Which tissue or organ can be repeatedly donated to clients needing a transplant?
- A. Skin.
- B. Bones.
- C. Kidneys.
- D. Bone marrow.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bone marrow regenerates, allowing repeated donation. Skin, bones, and kidneys are limited or single-donation tissues/organs.