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The nurse is caring for a client who received a poor prognosis when the physician made rounds. The client is quiet, tearful at times, and prefers to be in a darkened room. The nurse observes a nursing assistant entering the room, turning on the lights, and stating 'Are we ready to get out of bed yet, the day is half over?' When addressing the statement of the nursing assistant, which communication technique would the nurse be most correct to discuss?
- A. Giving disapproval
- B. Belittling
- C. Using clich?©s
- D. Patronizing
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Patronizing treats the client condescendingly as if incapable of making a decision. Giving disapproval holds the client to a rigid standard and is sarcastic in response. Belittling disregards how the client is responding as an individual and groups them with others in the similar position. Using clich?©s provides worthless advice and curtails exploring alternatives.
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Which of the following means of comprehending new information best describes a cognitive learner?
- A. The learner learns through information that appeals to feelings.
- B. The learner likes to learn by doing
- C. The learner learns by combining three styles of learning
- D. The learner processes information by listening to facts
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The cognitive learner processes information best by listening to or reading facts and descriptions. The affective learner is more attuned to learning when presented with information that appeals to feelings. The psychomotor learner typically likes to learn by doing. A combination of the three styles tends to optimize learning, although most people favor one style of learning.
The nurse is evaluating the comprehension of a client's knowledge of the subcutaneous administration of an anticoagulant medication. Which method provides the best feedback?
- A. Having the client explain the medication and injection site
- B. Having the client demonstrate the injection technique on an orange
- C. Having the client watch the nurse prepare the medication and administer it
- D. Having the client prepare the syringe and independently administer the injection
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Having the client prepare the syringe and independently administer the injection is the 'show back' portion of learning comprehension because it includes demonstrating the skill. By independently demonstrating, the nurse is able to evaluate the knowledge base and skill. Having the client watch the nurse administer the medication involves teaching, but not performing the skill. Having the client explain the medication and injection site or administer the injection into an orange demonstrates parts of the skill but does not allow the nurse to evaluate the entire skill.
The nurse is caring for a client and family who are awaiting the results of a diagnostic test. Which nursing action best demonstrates therapeutic nonverbal communication?
- A. The nurse listens to the client's frustration of waiting for test results.
- B. The nurse smiles and rubs the client's shoulder as the client expresses frustration at waiting for the test results.
- C. The nurse is silent while carrying out nursing duties.
- D. The nurse shrugs the shoulders when asked when testing results will return.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A smile and rub of the client's shoulder is a nonverbal gesture that the nurse understands the client's situation. Listening to client frustration is an activity that reflects verbal communication because, therapeutically, there is a response. Silence can be therapeutic when the attention is with the client, not the nursing duties. Shrugging the shoulders can be perceived as indifferent and not caring.
Advocacy and support are activities associated with which learning style?
- A. Cognitive
- B. Cultural
- C. Psychomotor
- D. Affective
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The affective learner learns best when presented with information that appeals to feelings, beliefs, and values. Cognitive learners process information best by listening to or reading facts and descriptions. The psychomotor learner prefers to learn by doing. There is no learning style classified as cultural.
The nurse is caring for a client who is hard of hearing. The nurse is in the room during a discussion between the client and health care provider. At the end of the discussion, the client asks the nurse to further explain certain terms used by the health care provider. In explaining the terms, which role has the nurse assumed?
- A. Educator
- B. Caregiver
- C. Collaborator
- D. Delegator
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this scenario, the nurse will assume the role of educator by explaining information provided during the client/health care provider discussion. The nurse as educator provides client teaching regarding the plan of care, medications, or prescribed tests and procedures. The nurse as a caregiver performs health-related activities that the client is unable to perform independently due to illness. The nurse as a collaborator works with others to achieve a common goal, such as sharing or exchanging information with other health care professionals (dietitians, physical therapists, or respiratory therapists). The nurse as a delegator assigns tasks to someone else such as another nurse, a nursing assistant, or other unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP).