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The nurse is caring for a client whose physician has ordered a sentinel lymph node mapping. The physician explained the procedure and desired outcome. Which statement, made by the client, indicates a need for further instruction?
- A. The procedure allows for an understanding of the spread of cancer cells.
- B. The procedure allows for conservation of breast tissue.
- C. The procedure removes all cancer from the body.
- D. The procedure includes minimal surrounding tissue damage.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sentinel lymph node mapping involves identifying the first (sentinel) lymph nodes through which the breast cancer cells would spread to regional lymph nodes in the axilla. Validating the lack of lymph node metastasis allows the surgeon to preserve more breast tissue, axillary tissue and chest muscle. Further instruction would be needed to explain that the sentinel lymph node biopsy does not remove cancer from the body.
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The nurse is providing dietary instruction for the client with fibrocystic breast disease. Which of the client's favorite food(s) does the nurse discourage? Select all that apply.
- A. Lasagna
- B. Chocolate pudding
- C. Organ meat
- D. Cola products
- E. Popcorn
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: When instructing the client on appropriate food choices, the nurse instructs the client to avoid caffeine. Caffeine is in products such as chocolate and cola drinks. Lasagna, organ meats, and popcorn do not contain caffeine.
The nurse is caring for a client who is employed as a manual laborer. The client has recovered from a recent mastectomy and is planning to return to work. Which instruction from the nurse would be most helpful?
- A. Do not return to work until all areas are completely healed.
- B. Have others assist in tasks involving use of affected arm.
- C. Wear gloves to prevent injury.
- D. Check to see if job description can be changed.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: It is most helpful to provide an option that allows the client to continue employment at the current job, if the client is able. Many times, the client must continue employment and cannot change jobs. Instructing the client to not return to work may not be an option throughout the healing process, which could be up to 1 year. Asking others to do tasks and changing the job description are unrealistic throughout the recovery period.
The nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with a breast lump. The physician states that studies indicate a cancerous tumor in situ. The client is anxious and wants to know what may come next. The nurse is most correct to support physician instruction of which of the following?
- A. Since your tumor appears localized, removal of the tumor is indicated.
- B. A mastectomy is recommended for all clients in this situation.
- C. The next step is just as the physician described. We can have the physician talk to you again.
- D. Chemotherapy and radiation are typical treatments prescribed by the oncologist.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse is correct to restate the information that the physician has just discussed. Many times, anxious clients have a difficult time understanding information. The nurse realizes that a tumor that is in situ has developed in a localized area without invading the surrounding tissue. This criterion would allow the removal of tissue from only that area, not an entire mastectomy. When the client asks for the next step, chemotherapy and radiation, as indicated, would be initiated after removal of the tumor.
The nurse is obtaining a history from a client who states recurrent breast tenderness. The client inquiries if there is something wrong with her breasts. Which question by the nurse is a priority?
- A. Do you have a history of breast disorders and cancer in the family?
- B. Does the tenderness occur around the same time each month?
- C. Have you pulled a muscle or had any injury to the breast?
- D. When did you first recognize the symptoms?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The breasts are part of the female reproductive system, and they respond to the hormonal cycle associated with ovulation, menstruation, and pregnancy. Because the hormonal cycle is monthly, it is best to ask the client if the tenderness occurs at the same time each month. The other options are also important questions to ask.
A nurse is describing to a client the advantages and disadvantages associated with tamoxifen therapy as a means of breast cancer prevention. The nurse would identify that the drug has a beneficial effect on which factor?
- A. Bone mineral density
- B. High density lipoprotein levels
- C. Risk for endometrial cancer
- D. Cataract formation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Besides reducing the risk of breast cancer, tamoxifen preserves bone mineral density, thus preventing osteoporosis. It also lowers the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, although it is still unknown if it decreases the incidence of myocardial infarction in women. Tamoxifen can have detrimental effects. It increases the incidences of endometrial cancer, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and cataracts.