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The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of cirrhosis who has developed esophageal varices. Which of the following foods should be removed from the client's diet?
- A. Custard
- B. Mashed potatoes
- C. Spinach
- D. Raisins
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Spinach should be removed from the diet of a client with cirrhosis and esophageal varices, as its rough texture and high vitamin K content could irritate fragile varices or alter clotting, risking rupture and hemorrhage a critical concern in advanced liver disease. Custard, mashed potatoes, and raisins are softer and safer, lacking this risk. Nurses adjust diets to minimize esophageal trauma, teaching clients to avoid coarse foods, protecting against bleeding episodes that could require urgent interventions like banding or transfusion.
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A nurse must possess several characteristics to be successful in this profession. Secondary to critical thinking skills, which is of great value?
- A. Good teamwork and team-building skills
- B. A master's degree
- C. The ability to delegate responsibilities
- D. Advocating for the client at all times
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Beyond critical thinking, advocating for the client at all times is a cornerstone of nursing success, reflecting the profession's core commitment to patient welfare. This involves ensuring clients' needs, rights, and preferences are prioritized in all care decisions, fostering trust and empowerment. Good teamwork and team-building skills are valuable for collaboration but are learned and applied contextually, not as intrinsic as advocacy. A master's degree enhances expertise but isn't required for foundational success, as many nurses excel with lesser credentials. Delegation is a skill that supports efficiency, yet it's secondary to the nurse's role as a client advocate. Advocacy drives nursing's caring ethos, addressing health needs across diverse settings and populations, making it a vital characteristic that complements critical thinking in achieving optimal outcomes and upholding professional integrity.
A woman in labor is receiving an antibiotic. She suddenly complains of trouble breathing, weakness and nausea. The nurse should recognize that these signs are usually indicative of impending:
- A. Pulmonary egophony
- B. Amniotic fluid embolism
- C. Anaphylaxis
- D. Bronchospasm
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sudden breathing difficulty, weakness, and nausea during antibiotic administration suggest a severe allergic reaction, known as anaphylaxis. This life-threatening condition involves systemic histamine release, causing airway constriction, hypotension, and gastrointestinal distress. Pulmonary egophony relates to lung sound changes, not systemic symptoms. Amniotic fluid embolism presents with cardiovascular collapse and bleeding, not primarily nausea. Bronchospasm is airway narrowing but lacks the broader symptoms here. Immediate recognition of anaphylaxis prompts epinephrine administration and airway support, critical for maternal and fetal survival in labor.
She was the daughter of Hungarian kings, who feed 300-900 people everyday in their gate, builds hospitals, and care of the poor and sick herself.
- A. Elizabeth
- B. Catherine
- C. Nightingale
- D. Sairey Gamp
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Saint Elizabeth of Hungary, a 13th-century princess, devoted her life to feeding the poor and building hospitals e.g., using royal funds for charity. Unlike Catherine, Nightingale (modern nurse), or Gamp (fictional), she's nursing's patron saint, her altruism inspiring early caregiving traditions in Christian nursing history.
The parents of a healthy 6-year-old ask the nurse for advice about preventing obesity in their child. Which response reflects health promotion?
- A. Limit screen time and encourage outdoor play.'
- B. Weigh your child monthly to monitor for weight gain.'
- C. Give your child a multivitamin daily to prevent obesity.'
- D. Have your child's cholesterol checked annually.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: For a healthy 6-year-old, health promotion prevents obesity by fostering active habits limiting screen time and encouraging outdoor play boosts physical activity, burning calories and building muscle, key to avoiding weight gain at this age. Evidence links sedentary screen hours to childhood obesity; play counters it, aligning with nursing's focus on lifestyle over surveillance. Monthly weighing is secondary, tracking not preventing, and may stress the child. Multivitamins don't prevent obesity caloric balance does while annual cholesterol checks detect, not avert, issues. The nurse's reply promotes wellness through fun, practical steps like biking or tag tailored to a child's energy, ensuring long-term health without medicalizing a well kid, a cornerstone of pediatric nursing's preventive approach.
Which of the following statement best describe incident reporting?
- A. Hiding errors
- B. Reporting adverse events
- C. A patient task
- D. A routine check
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Incident reporting is reporting adverse events (B), per nursing e.g., falls logged. Not hiding (A), not task (C), not routine (D) safety-focused. B best defines its role, improving Mr. Gary's care safety, making it correct.