Nokea
The nurse is caring for a client with a history of asthma who is receiving Albuterol (Proventil). The nurse should monitor the client for:
- A. Tachycardia
- B. Hypotension
- C. Hypokalemia
- D. Hyperglycemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Albuterol, a beta-agonist, commonly causes tachycardia as a side effect due to sympathetic stimulation. Hypotension, hypokalemia, and hyperglycemia are less frequent.
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A female client is concerned that she is in a 'high-risk' group for the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). She wants to know about the advisability of donating blood. Which of the following responses is correct?
- A. Individuals who donate blood are at risk of getting the AIDS virus. You should not donate.'
- B. It's OK for you to donate because the blood bank has a test that is 100% effective.'
- C. You should not donate since it takes time to develop antibodies to the AIDS virus. If you donate blood before you develop the antibody, you could pass it on in the blood.'
- D. It is not a good idea for you to donate. If you have AIDS, the information is made public and could destroy your personal life.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The AIDS virus cannot be transmitted to the donor through the blood donation procedure. The test for the AIDS virus is not absolutely foolproof; therefore, it is not wise for a person with known risk factors to donate blood. It takes time for antibodies to the AIDS virus to develop. An infected individual could donate contaminated blood without it testing positive for the virus. For reasons of confidentiality, information about individuals infected with AIDS is not made public.
The client is diagnosed with hyperkalemia. Which food should the nurse instruct the client to avoid?
- A. Bananas
- B. Broccoli
- C. Salmon
- D. Pasta
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bananas are high in potassium, which should be avoided in hyperkalemia to prevent worsening arrhythmias. Broccoli, salmon, and pasta have lower potassium content.
The nurse is educating a group of caregivers about the West Nile virus. A participant asks, 'How can you get the West Nile virus?' The nurse explains that the virus can be transmitted by which source(s)?
- A. Mosquitoes
- B. Blood transfusions
- C. Transplanted organs
- D. Birds
- E. Horses
Correct Answer: A, B, C
Rationale: West Nile virus is transmitted by mosquitoes (A), blood transfusions (B), and organ transplants (C). Birds (D) and horses (E) are hosts but not direct vectors to humans.
The orthopedic nurse should be particularly alert for a fat embolus in which of the following clients having the greatest risk for this complication after a fracture?
- A. A 50-year-old with a fractured fibula
- B. A 20-year-old female with a wrist fracture
- C. A 21-year-old male with a fractured femur
- D. An 8-year-old with a fractured arm
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fat embolus is most common in long bone fractures, especially the femur, and in young adults. A 21-year-old with a femur fracture (C) is at highest risk. Fibula (A), wrist (B), and arm (D) fractures have lower risk.
A newborn weighed seven pounds at birth. At six months of age, the infant could be expected to weigh:
- A. 14 pounds
- B. 18 pounds
- C. 25 pounds
- D. 30 pounds
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Infants typically double their birth weight by 6 months. A 7-pound newborn would weigh approximately 14 pounds at 6 months. The other weights are excessive or unrealistic.