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The nurse is caring for a client with a history of Sjögren’s syndrome. The nurse should expect the client to have:
- A. Dry eyes and mouth
- B. Joint swelling
- C. Fever
- D. Chest pain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sjögren’s syndrome is an autoimmune condition causing reduced salivary and lacrimal gland function, leading to dry eyes and mouth.
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The nurse is teaching a client with a history of fibromyalgia about self-care. The nurse should tell the client to:
- A. Engage in regular exercise
- B. Avoid all physical activity
- C. Increase caffeine intake
- D. Use heating pads excessively
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Regular, low-impact exercise can reduce pain and stiffness in fibromyalgia, improving overall function and well-being.
A patient is diagnosed with secondary syphilis. The nurse can expect the patient to have:
- A. Copper penny' rash on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet
- B. Localized tumors in the skin, bones, and liver
- C. Chancres and lymphadenopathy
- D. General paresis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Secondary syphilis presents with a maculopapular rash, often on the palms and soles, described as ‘copper penny’ lesions. Chancres occur in primary syphilis, tumors (gummas) in tertiary syphilis, and general paresis is a late neurosyphilis complication.
A client with a history of a heart failure is receiving Furosemide (Lasix). The nurse should monitor the client for:
- A. Hypokalemia
- B. Hyperglycemia
- C. Hypertension
- D. Weight gain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, causes potassium loss, risking hypokalemia, requiring monitoring. Hyperglycemia, hypertension, and weight gain are not primary concerns.
The nurse is caring for a client with a brain tumor who has been prescribed levofloxacin (Levaquin) for a sinus infection. What specific instructions should be included when educating the client regarding taking this drug?
- A. Avoid direct sunlight.
- B. Report unexplained joint pain.
- C. No antacids should be taken within 2 hours of taking the drug.
- D. Take the medication on an empty stomach.
- E. Keep the head of the bed elevated for 30 minutes after taking.
Correct Answer: A, B, C
Rationale: Levofloxacin requires avoiding sunlight (A) due to photosensitivity, reporting joint pain (B) for tendonitis risk, and avoiding antacids (C) to ensure absorption. Empty stomach (D) is optional, and bed elevation (E) is unrelated.
A client has developed diabetes insipidus after removal of a pituitary tumor. Which finding would the nurse expect?
- A. Polyuria
- B. Hypertension
- C. Polyphagia
- D. Hyperkalemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diabetes insipidus causes polyuria due to deficient antidiuretic hormone, leading to excessive water loss. Hypertension (B), polyphagia (C), and hyperkalemia (D) are not typical.