Nokea
The nurse is caring for a couple trying to get pregnant and have not been able to for over a year. The couple asks what kind of problems a man can have that can cause infertility. What should be the nurses response?
- A. Men can have increased prolactin levels that decrease sperm viability.
- B. Men can have problems that increase the temperature around their testicles and decrease the quality of their semen.
- C. Men may inherit the gene that causes low sperm production.
- D. Men may produce sperm that are incompatible with the shape of the egg.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Varicoceles, which increase testicular temperature, can decrease semen quality and contribute to male infertility. Increased prolactin is less common, genetic factors are not specifically noted, and sperm-egg shape incompatibility is not a recognized cause.
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A nurse practitioner is preparing to perform a patients scheduled Pap smear and the patient asks the nurse to ensure that the speculum is well-lubricated. How should the nurse proceed with assessment?
- A. Reassure the patient that ample petroleum jelly will be used.
- B. Reassure that patient that a water-based lubricant will be used.
- C. Explain to the patient that water is the only lubricant that can be used.
- D. Explain to the patient why the speculum must be introduced dry.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Because lubricants may obscure cells on a Pap smear, warm water is the only lubricant that can be used to facilitate speculum insertion without compromising test results. Petroleum jelly and water-based lubricants can interfere with cell collection, and a dry speculum may cause discomfort and is not preferred.
A community health nurse is leading a health education session addressing menopause and other aspects of womens health. What dietary supplements should the nurse recommend to prevent morbidity associated with osteoporotic fractures?
- A. Vitamin B12 and vitamin C
- B. Vitamin A and potassium
- C. Vitamin B6 and phosphorus
- D. Calcium and vitamin D
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Calcium and vitamin D supplementation are recommended to reduce bone loss and prevent osteoporotic fractures, a key concern in menopause. Other listed supplements do not address bone health effectively.
A womans current health complaints are suggestive of a diagnosis of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). The nurse should first do which of the following?
- A. Assess the patients understanding of HT.
- B. Assess the patient for risk of suicide.
- C. Assure the patient that the problem is self-limiting.
- D. Suggest the use of St. Johns wort.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Severe PMDD can lead to suicidal or violent behavior, so assessing suicide risk is the priority to ensure patient safety. HT is not relevant, PMDD is not self-limiting, and suggesting herbal remedies like St. John's wort requires provider input.
A school nurse is presenting information on human development and sexuality. When describing the role of hormones in sexual development, which hormone does the nurse teach the class is the most important one for developing and maintaining the female reproductive organs?
- A. Estrogen
- B. Progesterone
- C. Androgens
- D. Follicle-stimulating hormone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Estrogens are responsible for developing and maintaining the female reproductive organs. Progesterone is the most important hormone for conditioning the endometrium in preparation for implantation of the fertilized ovum. Androgens, secreted by the ovaries in small amounts, are involved in the early development of the follicle and affect the female libido. Follicle-stimulating hormone is responsible for stimulating the ovaries to secrete estrogen.
A newly pregnant patient is being assessed in an obstetric clinic. The patient states that she has been experiencing intense abdominal pain and the nurse anticipates that the patient will be assessed for ectopic pregnancy. In addition to ultrasonography, what diagnostic test should the nurse anticipate?
- A. Computed tomography
- B. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) testing
- C. Estrogen and progesterone testing
- D. Abdominal x-ray
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: If an ectopic pregnancy is suspected, the patient is assessed using ultrasound and hCG testing, which can confirm pregnancy location and viability. CT and x-rays are contraindicated during pregnancy due to radiation risks, and estrogen/progesterone levels are not diagnostic for ectopic pregnancy.