Nokea
The nurse is caring for a patient in acute kidney injury. Which of the following complications would most clearly warrant the administration of polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)?
- A. Hypernatremia
- B. Hypomagnesemia
- C. Hyperkalemia
- D. Hypercalcemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hyperkalemia, a common complication of acute kidney injury, is life-threatening if immediate action is not taken to reverse it. The administration of polystyrene sulfonate reduces serum potassium levels.
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The nurse is providing a health education workshop to a group of adults focusing on cancer prevention. The nurse should emphasize what action in order to reduce participants risks of renal carcinoma?
- A. Avoiding heavy alcohol use
- B. Control of sodium intake
- C. Smoking cessation
- D. Adherence to recommended immunization schedules
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tobacco use is a significant risk factor for renal cancer, surpassing the significance of high alcohol and sodium intake. Immunizations do not address an individuals risk of renal cancer.
The nurse is assessing a patient suspected of having developed acute glomerulonephritis. The nurse should expect to address what clinical manifestation that is characteristic of this health problem?
- A. Hematuria
- B. Precipitous decrease in serum creatinine levels
- C. Hypotension unresolved by fluid administration
- D. Glucosuria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The primary presenting feature of acute glomerulonephritis is hematuria (blood in the urine), which may be microscopic (identifiable through microscopic examination) or macroscopic or gross (visible to the eye). Proteinuria, primarily albumin, which is present, is due to increased permeability of the glomerular membrane. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels may rise as urine output drops. Some degree of edema and hypertension is noted in most patients.
A 15-year-old is admitted to the renal unit with a diagnosis of postinfectious glomerular disease. The nurse should recognize that this form of kidney disease may have been precipitated by what event?
- A. Psychosocial stress
- B. Hypersensitivity to an immunization
- C. Menarche
- D. Streptococcal infection
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Postinfectious causes of postinfectious glomerular disease are group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection of the throat that precedes the onset of glomerulonephritis by 2 to 3 weeks. Menarche, stress, and hypersensitivity are not typical causes.
A patient has presented with signs and symptoms that are characteristic of acute kidney injury, but preliminary assessment reveals no obvious risk factors for this health problem. The nurse should recognize the need to interview the patient about what topic?
- A. Typical diet
- B. Allergy status
- C. Psychosocial stressors
- D. Current medication use
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The kidneys are susceptible to the adverse effects of medications because they are repeatedly exposed to substances in the blood. Nephrotoxic medications are a more likely cause of AKI than diet, allergies, or stress.
The nurse is caring for a patient who has just returned to the post-surgical unit following renal surgery. When assessing the patients output from surgical drains, the nurse should assess what parameters? Select all that apply.
- A. Quantity of output
- B. Color of the output
- C. Visible characteristics of the output
- D. Odor of the output
- E. pH of the output
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Urine output and drainage from tubes inserted during surgery are monitored for amount, color, and type or characteristics. Odor and pH are not normally assessed.