Nokea
The nurse is caring for a patient who has been NPO during treatment for nausea and vomiting caused by gastric irritation and is to start oral intake. Which of the following menu choices should the nurse offer to the patient?
- A. A glass of orange juice
- B. A dish of lemon gelatin
- C. A cup of coffee with cream
- D. A bowl of hot chicken broth
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clear liquids are usually the first foods started after a patient has been nauseated. Acidic foods such as orange juice, very hot foods, and coffee are poorly tolerated when patients have been nauseated.
You may also like to solve these questions
The nurse is caring for a patient who is nauseated, vomiting up blood-streaked fluid and has acute gastritis. Which of the following assessments should the nurse ask the patient about to determine possible risk factors for gastritis?
- A. The amount of fat in the diet
- B. History of recent weight gain or loss
- C. Any family history of gastric problems
- D. Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Use of an NSAID is associated with damage to the gastric mucosa, which can result in acute gastritis. Family history, recent weight gain or loss, and fatty foods are not risk factors for acute gastritis.
The nurse is caring for a patient with vomiting of 'coffee-ground' emesis. Which of the following procedures should the nurse anticipate for the patient?
- A. Endoscopy
- B. Angiography
- C. Gastric analysis testing
- D. Barium contrast studies
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Endoscopy is the primary tool for visualization and diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Angiography is used only when endoscopy cannot be done because it is more invasive and has more possible complications. Gastric analysis testing may help with determining the cause of gastric irritation, but it is not used for acute GI bleeding. Barium studies are helpful in determining the presence of gastric lesions, but not whether the lesions are actively bleeding.
The nurse is admitting a patient who is vomiting bright red blood to the emergency department. Which of the following assessments should the nurse perform first?
- A. Checking the level of consciousness
- B. Measuring the quantity of any emesis
- C. Auscultating the chest for breath sounds
- D. Taking the blood pressure (BP) and pulse
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse is concerned about blood loss and possible hypovolemic shock in a patient with acute gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. BP and pulse are the best indicators of these complications. The other information also is important to obtain, but BP and pulse rate are the best indicators for hypoperfusion.
The nurse is teaching a patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) about recommended dietary modifications. Which of the following diet choices for a snack 2 hours before bedtime indicates that the teaching has been effective?
- A. Chocolate pudding
- B. Glass of low-fat milk
- C. Peanut butter sandwich
- D. Cherry gelatin and fruit
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cherry gelatin and fruit is a suitable choice as it is low in fat and not likely to trigger reflux, unlike chocolate, milk, or high-fat foods like peanut butter, which can exacerbate GERD symptoms.
The health care provider prescribes antacids and sucralfate for treatment of a patient's peptic ulcer. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the patient's teaching plan?
- A. Antacids 30 minutes before the sucralfate
- B. Sucralfate at bedtime and antacids before meals
- C. Antacids after eating and sucralfate 30 minutes before eating
- D. Sucralfate and antacids together 30 minutes before each meal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sucralfate is most effective when the pH is low and should not be given with or soon after antacid. Antacids are most effective when taken after eating. Administration of sucralfate 30 minutes before eating and antacids just after eating will ensure that both drugs can be most effective. The other regimens will decrease the effectiveness of the medications.