Nokea
The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving chemotherapy and develops Candida albicans oral infection. Which of the following actions should the nurse anticipate?
- A. Hydrogen peroxide rinses
- B. The use of antiviral agents
- C. Referral to a dentist for professional tooth cleaning
- D. Administration of nystatin oral tablets
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Candida albicans is treated with an antifungal such as nystatin. Oral saltwater rinses may be used but will not cure the infection. Antiviral agents are used for viral infections such as herpes simplex. Referral to a dentist is indicated for gingivitis but not for Candida infection.
You may also like to solve these questions
The nurse is caring for a patient with a bleeding duodenal ulcer who has a nasogastric (NG) tube in place and a prescription for 30 mL of aluminum hydroxide/magnesium hydroxide to be instilled through the tube every hour. Which of the following assessments should the nurse do to evaluate the effectiveness of this treatment?
- A. Periodically aspirate and test gastric pH.
- B. Monitor arterial blood gas values on a daily basis.
- C. Check each stool for the presence of occult blood.
- D. Measure the amount of residual stomach contents hourly.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The purpose for antacids is to increase gastric pH. Checking gastric pH is the most direct way of evaluating the effectiveness of the medication. Arterial blood gases may change slightly, but this does not directly reflect the effect of antacids on gastric pH. Because the patient has upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, occult blood in the stools will appear even after the acute bleeding has stopped. The amount of residual stomach contents is not a reflection of resolution of bleeding or of gastric pH.
The nurse is caring for a patient who is nauseated, vomiting up blood-streaked fluid and has acute gastritis. Which of the following assessments should the nurse ask the patient about to determine possible risk factors for gastritis?
- A. The amount of fat in the diet
- B. History of recent weight gain or loss
- C. Any family history of gastric problems
- D. Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Use of an NSAID is associated with damage to the gastric mucosa, which can result in acute gastritis. Family history, recent weight gain or loss, and fatty foods are not risk factors for acute gastritis.
To decrease the risk for cancers of the tongue and buccal mucosa, which of the following information should the nurse include when teaching a patient who is seen for an annual physical examination in the outpatient clinic?
- A. Avoid use of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco.
- B. Use sunscreen when outside even on cloudy days.
- C. Complete antibiotics used to treat throat infections.
- D. Use antivirals to treat herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tobacco use greatly increases the risk for oral cancer. Acute throat infections do not increase risk for oral cancer, although persistent irritation of the oral mucosa does increase risk. Sun exposure does not increase the risk for cancers of the buccal mucosa. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with increased risk, but HSV infection is not a risk factor for oral cancer.
Which of the following findings should the nurse anticipate in a patient with an upper GI bleed?
- A. Increased urinary output
- B. Black, tarry stool
- C. Constipation
- D. Diaphoresis
- E. Epigastric pain
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: A patient with an upper GI bleed may have a black tarry stool, diaphoresis, and epigastric pain. The patient would have complaints of diarrhea, not constipation. The patient would have a decreased urinary output, not an increased one.
The nurse is caring for a patient who has been NPO during treatment for nausea and vomiting caused by gastric irritation and is to start oral intake. Which of the following menu choices should the nurse offer to the patient?
- A. A glass of orange juice
- B. A dish of lemon gelatin
- C. A cup of coffee with cream
- D. A bowl of hot chicken broth
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clear liquids are usually the first foods started after a patient has been nauseated. Acidic foods such as orange juice, very hot foods, and coffee are poorly tolerated when patients have been nauseated.