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The nurse is caring for a patient with colon cancer who is scheduled for external radiation therapy to the abdomen. Which information obtained by the nurse would indicate a need for patient teaching?
- A. The patient has a history of dental caries.
- B. The patient swims several days each week.
- C. The patient snacks frequently during the day.
- D. The patient showers each day with mild soap.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Abdominal radiation fries skin swimming in chlorinated or salt water during treatment risks irritation or infection in that tender zone. Dental caries don't tie in. Snacking might help nutrition, not hurt. Mild soap showers are fine. Nurses in oncology flag this no swimming' protects radiated skin, a teaching must to dodge complications.
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In monitoring patients who are at risk for spinal cord compression related to tumor growth, what is the most likely early manifestation?
- A. Sudden-onset back pain
- B. Motor loss
- C. Constipation
- D. Urinary hesitancy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spinal cord compression from tumors often starts with sudden back pain 95% of cases due to vertebral pressure or nerve irritation, an early red flag demanding urgent imaging and intervention to prevent paralysis. Motor loss, like weakness, emerges later as nerves compress further. Constipation and urinary hesitancy signal advanced autonomic involvement, not initial signs. Pain's prevalence and timing make it the nurse's focus catching it early triggers steroids or surgery, halting progression in cancer patients where spinal integrity dictates function and survival, a critical monitoring priority.
Which of the following statements regarding weight regulation is FALSE?
- A. Functional MRI (fMRI) studies have shown overactivation of reward-encoding brain regions and/or deficiency in cortical inhibitory networks in obese people
- B. The homeostatic weight regulation circuitry centres around the corticolimbic structures of the brain
- C. Liking and wanting of food are subconscious processes
- D. The reward system of weight regulation is nonhomeostatic in nature
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Weight regulation involves homeostatic (hypothalamic) and nonhomeostatic (reward-driven) systems. fMRI studies showing reward region overactivation in obesity, subconscious liking/wanting, and the reward system's nonhomeostatic nature are true. However, homeostatic regulation centers on the hypothalamus, not corticolimbic structures (involved in reward/emotion), making this false. Understanding this distinction aids physicians in addressing both physiological and behavioral drivers in chronic obesity management.
The nursing instructor explains the difference between normal cells and benign tumor cells. What information does the instructor provide about these cells?
- A. Benign tumors grow through invasion of other tissue.
- B. Benign tumors have lost their cellular regulation from contact inhibition.
- C. Growing in the wrong place or time is typical of benign tumors.
- D. The loss of characteristics of the parent cells is called anaplasia.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Benign tumors are fundamentally different from malignant tumors in their behavior and characteristics. Unlike malignant tumors, which invade surrounding tissues, benign tumors do not grow through invasion but rather through hyperplasia, a controlled increase in cell number. They retain contact inhibition, a regulatory mechanism where normal cells stop dividing when they touch each other, preventing uncontrolled growth. The defining feature of benign tumors is that they consist of cells that are essentially normal but are growing in an inappropriate location or at an incorrect time, such as a lipoma in fatty tissue. Anaplasia, on the other hand, refers to the loss of differentiation and is a hallmark of malignant cancer cells, not benign ones. Thus, the instructor would emphasize that benign tumors are misplaced normal cells, making this the accurate statement. This distinction is critical for nursing students to understand, as it impacts diagnosis, treatment decisions, and patient education regarding the non-threatening nature of benign tumors compared to cancerous growths.
The following are common abnormal laboratory markers in patients with NAFLD except:
- A. Elevated uric acid
- B. Elevated triglycerides
- C. Elevated hct
- D. Elevated GGT
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: NAFLD's lab quirks high triglycerides, GGT, glucose tie to fat and insulin woes; uric acid tags along in gouty pals. Elevated hematocrit? Not here, more polycythemia's game. Clinicians spot this odd-out, focusing chronic liver's true markers.
The challenges faced in insulin therapy includes the following EXCEPT:
- A. Needle phobia
- B. Competence - Diabetes numeracy
- C. Dexterity
- D. All burden
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Insulin hurdles fear, math, shaky hands, life jolts; all burden' isn't a thing, just a mash-up. Nurses tackle these chronic snags, not vague catch-alls.