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The nurse is caring for an elderly client who has hip pain related to rheumatoid arthritis. The client is practicing appropriate self-care activities when she chooses to sit in which of the following chairs?
- A. Recliner chair with arms to support wrists and hands.
- B. Couch with soft cushions to support thighs.
- C. Straight-back chair with elevated seat.
- D. Curved-back rocking chair.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A straight-back chair with an elevated seat reduces joint strain and supports proper posture, ideal for rheumatoid arthritis. Other options may exacerbate pain or lack support.
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A client with a history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia is prescribed prednisone. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following side effects?
- A. Hypoglycemia.
- B. Weight gain.
- C. Hypotension.
- D. Hair loss.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prednisone, a corticosteroid, commonly causes weight gain due to fluid retention and increased appetite.
A client with heart failure is prescribed furosemide (Lasix). Which assessment finding indicates the medication is effective?
- A. Increased blood pressure.
- B. Decreased edema.
- C. Weight gain.
- D. Elevated potassium levels.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Furosemide is a diuretic that reduces fluid overload, so decreased edema indicates effective treatment by promoting fluid excretion.
A client with a diagnosis of Tourette's syndrome is receiving haloperidol decanoate. The registered nurse asks the new nurse to describe the action of the medication. The new nurse responds correctly by stating that this medication has which action?
- A. Is a serotonin reuptake blocker
- B. Inhibits the breakdown of released acetylcholine
- C. Blocks the uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin
- D. Blocks the binding of dopamine to the postsynaptic dopamine receptors in the brain
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Haloperidol decanoate is a typical antipsychotic medication used to manage symptoms of Tourette's syndrome, such as tics, by blocking the binding of dopamine to postsynaptic dopamine receptors in the brain, thereby reducing dopaminergic activity. It does not act as a serotonin reuptake blocker, inhibit acetylcholine breakdown, or block norepinephrine and serotonin uptake.
The nurse is assessing a client who has had a myocardial infarction. The nurse notes the cardiac rhythm shown below. The nurse identifies that this rhythm is:
- A. Atrial fi brillation
- B. Ventricular tachycardia
- C. Premature ventricular contractions.
- D. Third-degree heart block.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Third-degree heart block occurs when atrial stimuli are blocked at the atrioventricular junction. Impulses from the atria and ventricles are conducted independently of each other. The atrial rate is 60 to 100 bpm; the ventricular rate is usually 10 to 60 bpm.
A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is receiving oxygen at 2 L/min via nasal cannula. The client's oxygen saturation is 88%. What should the nurse do first?
- A. Increase the oxygen to 4 L/min
- B. Encourage deep breathing exercises
- C. Notify the respiratory therapist
- D. Assess the client's respiratory status
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An oxygen saturation of 88% is low for a COPD client, but increasing oxygen without assessment risks CO2 retention. Assessing respiratory status first guides appropriate intervention.