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The nurse is caring for clients on a cardiac floor. Which client should the nurse assess first?
- A. The client with three (3) unifocal PVCs in a minute
- B. The client diagnosed with coronary artery disease who wants to ambulate
- C. The client diagnosed with mitral valve prolapse with an audible S3
- D. The client diagnosed with pericarditis who is in normal sinus rhythm
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because an audible S3 in a client with mitral valve prolapse could indicate heart failure, which requires immediate assessment. Choice A is less urgent as occasional unifocal PVCs are common. Choice B is important but can be addressed after the client with an audible S3. Choice D, a client with pericarditis in normal sinus rhythm, is stable compared to a client with potential heart failure symptoms.
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The nurse is teaching basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to individuals in the community. Which is the order of basic CPR?
- A. Ensure the scene is safe, assess responsiveness, call for help, begin CPR with compressions, airway, and breathing
- B. Give two (2) rescue breaths
- C. Look, listen, and feel for breathing
- D. Begin chest compressions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct order of basic CPR is to first ensure the scene is safe to approach, then assess responsiveness. Next, call for help and start CPR with chest compressions, followed by checking the airway and giving rescue breaths. Choice B is incorrect as giving rescue breaths is usually done after the initial chest compressions. Choice C is incorrect as looking, listening, and feeling for breathing comes after starting compressions. Choice D is incorrect as chest compressions are usually the first step in basic CPR.
Which of the following is inappropriate in collecting midstream clean-catch urine specimen for urine analysis?
- A. Collect early in the morning, first voided specimen
- B. Do perineal care before specimen collection
- C. Collect 5 to 10 ml of urine
- D. Discard the first flow of urine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The inappropriate action in collecting a midstream clean-catch urine specimen for urine analysis is to collect only 5 to 10 ml of urine. Adequate urine volume of 30 to 60 ml is required for accurate testing. Collecting a small amount like 5 to 10 ml may lead to inaccurate results due to insufficient sample size. It is crucial to follow proper collection techniques, such as discarding the first flow of urine, performing perineal care, and collecting an adequate volume, to ensure reliable test results.
Which vitamin deficiency is commonly associated with prolonged antibiotic use?
- A. Vitamin A
- B. Vitamin B6
- C. Vitamin C
- D. Vitamin K
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin K. Prolonged antibiotic use can disrupt the gut flora, which is responsible for synthesizing Vitamin K. This disruption can lead to a Vitamin K deficiency and an increased risk of bleeding. Vitamin A, B6, and C deficiencies are not typically associated with prolonged antibiotic use.
Which of the following is NOT a terminal learning objective for Phase I of the M6 Practical Nurse Course?
- A. Identify principles of basic-level anatomy, physiology, microbiology, and nutrition
- B. Perform basic-level pharmacological calculations
- C. Integrate the knowledge of drug therapy into nursing practice
- D. Identify basic principles of field nursing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Integrating drug therapy knowledge is not a terminal learning objective for Phase I of the M6 Practical Nurse Course. Phase I typically focuses on foundational knowledge and skills, such as understanding basic-level anatomy, physiology, microbiology, and nutrition (Choice A), performing basic-level pharmacological calculations (Choice B), and identifying basic principles of field nursing (Choice D). While drug therapy knowledge is important in nursing practice, it is not a specific terminal learning objective for Phase I of this course.
Patients with gallbladder disease should reduce their intake of:
- A. Protein
- B. Sodium
- C. Cholesterol
- D. Fat
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Patients with gallbladder disease are advised to reduce their fat intake because fats can trigger gallbladder symptoms such as pain and bloating. While protein, sodium, and cholesterol may also impact overall health, reducing fat intake specifically helps manage gallbladder-related symptoms effectively. Protein is important for tissue repair, sodium can affect blood pressure, and cholesterol levels impact heart health, but in the context of gallbladder disease, fat reduction is the most beneficial.