Nokea
The following are considered qualitative research process EXCEPT?
- A. Sample
- B. Hypothesis
- C. Literature review
- D. Data collection
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In qualitative research, the focus is on exploring a phenomenon in-depth, understanding experiences, perceptions, and meanings. Unlike quantitative research, qualitative research does not typically start with a hypothesis to be tested. Instead, qualitative studies often use open-ended questions and flexible methods to gather rich, detailed data that can lead to new insights and theories. The other options - sample, literature review, and data collection - are essential components of the qualitative research process.
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What symptom is an INDICATOR of cranial nerve involvement?
- A. Difficulty of speaking and chewing.
- B. Loss of pain sensation
- C. Spastic paralysis of the extremities
- D. Forgetfulness and syncope
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Difficulty of speaking and chewing is an indicator of cranial nerve involvement. Cranial nerves are responsible for controlling various functions of the head and neck, including speech and mastication. Impairment of cranial nerve function can lead to difficulty in these activities. In the context of the question, with the patient in the stroke unit, cranial nerve involvement can occur due to the stroke affecting the brain regions responsible for cranial nerve function. Loss of pain sensation, spastic paralysis of the extremities, and forgetfulness with syncope are not specific indicators of cranial nerve involvement in this scenario.
A patient presents with tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. On examination, the patient demonstrates a shuffling gait, stooped posture, and a masked facies. Which of the following neurological conditions is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Alzheimer's disease
- B. Parkinson's disease
- C. Multiple sclerosis (MS)
- D. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The symptoms described in the patient, such as tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia (slow movement), and postural instability, along with the presence of a shuffling gait, stooped posture, and masked facies, are classic features of Parkinson's disease. These motor symptoms are primarily caused by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra region of the brain. This results in an imbalance of neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine, leading to motor dysfunction and characteristic movement abnormalities seen in Parkinson's disease.
In assigning rooms for the injured patients, the nurses should coordinate with the Administration. Which of the following is the CORRECT room assignment?
- A. Insurance company should be followed according to premiums paid by the transport operator.
- B. Mother should be separated from each other for case classification.
- C. Mother and child should be together in one room.
- D. Transport operator should designate the rooms according to social status of patients.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In assigning rooms for the injured patients, the most appropriate and compassionate choice is to have mother and child together in one room. This decision prioritizes the well-being and emotional support for the child, as having the mother nearby can have a positive impact on the child's recovery. It also promotes family bonding during a difficult time, which can aid in the healing process. Additionally, the presence of a parent can provide comfort and reassurance to the child, contributing to a more positive hospital experience. Therefore, it is important for the nurses to coordinate with the Administration to ensure that mother and child are assigned to the same room whenever possible.
Nurse Sandy selected a framework which focuses " that humans are in constant relationship with stressors in the environment and that nursing is keeping the patient's system adjust to wellness which is BEST reflected in _______.
- A. Parse's human becoming theory
- B. Peplau's psychodynamic theory
- C. Neuman's adaptation model
- D. Swanson's theory of caring
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Neuman's adaptation model, also known as the Neuman Systems Model, is a nursing theory that focuses on how individuals respond to stressors in their environment. The model views individuals as being in a constant state of dynamic equilibrium, where they are interacting with stressors that can disrupt their normal functioning. Nursing care, according to this model, is aimed at helping individuals maintain or restore their optimal level of wellness by assisting them in adapting to these stressors. Therefore, Nurse Sandy's selection of a framework that emphasizes the constant relationship between humans and stressors in the environment aligns best with Neuman's adaptation model.
A patient in the ICU develops acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to sepsis. What intervention should the healthcare team prioritize to manage the patient's respiratory failure?
- A. Initiate lung-protective mechanical ventilation with low tidal volume.
- B. Administer inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) for pulmonary vasodilation.
- C. Perform prone positioning to improve oxygenation.
- D. Recommend high-dose corticosteroid therapy for anti-inflammatory effects.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: ** In a patient with ARDS, the priority intervention to manage respiratory failure is to initiate lung-protective mechanical ventilation with low tidal volume. ARDS is characterized by widespread inflammation and injury to the alveoli, leading to impaired gas exchange and severe hypoxemia. Lung-protective ventilation strategies aim to minimize ventilator-induced lung injury by using lower tidal volumes (around 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) to reduce barotrauma and volutrauma.