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The nurse is collecting the paintings from the patients after the art session is over. After art therapy, a patient hands the nurse a paper that consists of several black scribbles. Which statement demonstrates the nurse understands the goals and objectives of the therapy?
- A. “I see that you don’t take this very seriously.”
- B. “Can you tell me what happened to prompt such work?”
- C. “Do you want to complete your painting?”
- D. “That’s interesting. It looks like you’re frustrated.”
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it shows empathy and encouragement for the patient to express their feelings. By asking what prompted the artwork, the nurse demonstrates understanding and willingness to explore the patient's emotions. Choice A is judgmental and dismissive, not fostering a therapeutic relationship. Choice C is directive and may pressure the patient. Choice D makes an assumption about the patient's emotions without allowing them to share their perspective.
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A nurse is working with a group of older adults attending a seminar on the physical and emotional effects of aging. Which patient statements are good predictors of positive well-being and perceived mortality? (Select all that apply.)
“Not having to deal with the stress of any major chronic illnesses.”
- A. “Being satisfied with growing older.”
- B. “Feeling younger than my birthdays say I should.”
- C. “Retirement gives me time to do the things I’ve put off doing.”
- D. “At least I don’t have to worry about having enough money to retire.
Correct Answer: A, C
Rationale: The correct answers are A and C. Statement A indicates a positive attitude towards aging, which is a good predictor of positive well-being. Feeling satisfied with growing older can lead to better emotional health and higher perceived mortality. Statement C suggests that retirement provides opportunities for personal fulfillment, which can contribute to positive well-being. Statements B and D do not directly address attitudes towards aging or well-being, making them less reliable predictors.
According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which nursing strategies would assist in meeting self-esteem needs of elderly patients?
- A. Providing privacy when spouses are visiting
- B. Arranging for the spouses to dine with the patients when visiting
- C. Including both the patients and spouses in all educational sessions
- D. Attending to patient hygiene and dress in preparation for spousal visits
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice D is correct:
1. Maslow's hierarchy of needs places self-esteem as a fundamental psychological need.
2. Patient hygiene and dress contribute to self-esteem by promoting a sense of dignity and self-worth.
3. Attending to hygiene and dress before spousal visits shows respect for the patient's self-esteem.
4. This strategy directly addresses the self-esteem needs of elderly patients by enhancing their sense of self-worth and respect.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
A: Providing privacy for spouses does not directly address the patient's self-esteem needs.
B: Arranging dining with spouses may enhance social needs but not directly address self-esteem.
C: Including patients and spouses in educational sessions may promote social interaction but does not directly target self-esteem needs.
Planning safety interventions for a teenager with a history of self-injurious behavior is based on what research-based information?
- A. Teenagers rarely entertain the idea of suicide.
- B. Self-injury is always viewed as a risk factor for future suicidal attempts.
- C. Assessment for suicidal ideations is a vital component of this child's care.
- D. Suicides can occur accidentally as a result of self-injurious behaviors.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because research indicates that suicides can occur accidentally as a result of self-injurious behaviors. This is known as an unintentional suicide, where the individual did not intend to die but died due to the severity of their self-injurious behavior. This information is crucial for planning safety interventions for the teenager, as it highlights the potential seriousness of self-injury.
Choice A is incorrect because research shows that suicidal ideation is not uncommon among teenagers, so it cannot be assumed that they rarely entertain the idea of suicide. Choice B is also incorrect because while self-injury can be a risk factor for future suicidal attempts, it is not always the case. Choice C is relevant but not the most specific to the scenario presented in the question, as it focuses solely on suicidal ideations rather than the potential accidental outcomes of self-injury.
Family and friends rush to offer support to a friend who has lost her teenage son. Which of these persons, through an intended act of kindness, may contribute to prolonging the woman’s grief?
- A. The physician who prescribed antianxiety agents
- B. The nurse who offered to spend the night at her home
- C. The next-door teenager who provided care for the son’s pet
- D. The accountant who assisted with stabilizing financial affairs.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because prescribing antianxiety agents may mask the woman's grief instead of allowing her to process and work through it naturally. This could potentially prolong her grief by avoiding the necessary emotional processing. The other choices, B, C, and D, all involve support that can help the woman cope with her loss in a healthy way. B offers emotional support and companionship, C helps with practical tasks, and D provides assistance in managing practical matters, all of which can facilitate the grieving process rather than prolong it.
A nurse administers pure oxygen to a client during and after electroconvulsive therapy. What is the nurse’s rationale for this procedure?
- A. To prevent increased intracranial pressure resulting from anoxia
- B. To prevent anoxia due to medication-induced paralysis of respiratory muscles
- C. To prevent hypotension, bradycardia, and bradypnea due to electrical stimulation
- D. To prevent blocked airway resulting from seizure activity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To prevent anoxia due to medication-induced paralysis of respiratory muscles. During electroconvulsive therapy, muscle relaxants are often used to prevent injury during the seizure. These medications can lead to paralysis of respiratory muscles, causing potential anoxia if oxygen is not administered. Providing pure oxygen ensures adequate oxygenation despite muscle paralysis.
Incorrect Choices:
A: Preventing increased intracranial pressure is not the primary rationale for administering oxygen during ECT.
C: Hypotension, bradycardia, and bradypnea are potential side effects of ECT itself, but oxygen administration is not primarily to prevent these.
D: Oxygen is not administered to prevent a blocked airway but rather to ensure adequate oxygenation during muscle paralysis.