Nokea
The nurse is completing an initial assessment of the newborn. The newborn's ears appear to be parallel to the outer and inner canthus of the eye. How does the nurse document the ear placement?
- A. low set
- B. high set
- C. a normal position
- D. facial paralysis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Observe the newborn's ears are parallel to the outer and inner canthus of the eye.
Step 2: Compare the observed ear placement to the standard positioning.
Step 3: If the ears align with the eye canthus, document as "a normal position" (Choice C).
Rationale: Parallel ear position indicates normal development. Low set (Choice A) or high set (Choice B) ears suggest abnormalities. Facial paralysis (Choice D) is not related to ear placement in this context.
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A mother brings her 4-week-old newborn into the clinic for a well-child check. She reports to the nurse that the newborn developed small white marks on her nose. What are these small white marks commonly called?
- A. Milia
- B. Mongolian spots
- C. Erythema toxicum
- D. Port-wine stain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Milia. Milia are tiny, white, pearly bumps that commonly appear on a newborn's face, including the nose, due to blocked oil glands. They are harmless and typically disappear on their own.
Explanation:
1. Milia are common in newborns, appearing as small white bumps on the nose and face.
2. They result from blocked oil glands and are not harmful.
3. Mongolian spots are bluish-gray birthmarks usually on the lower back or buttocks.
4. Erythema toxicum presents as red blotches on the skin shortly after birth.
5. Port-wine stain is a vascular birthmark that appears as a pink or red mark on the skin.
What type of testing should be offered to a patient who has had a stillbirth?
- A. NIPTs
- B. ultrasound
- C. placental pathology
- D. blood crossmatch
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Placental pathology can identify potential causes of stillbirth.
The nurse is assessing a newborn and notes a nevus flammeus birthmark. Which of the following figures depicts this birthmark?
- A. A
- B. B
- C. C
- D. D
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because nevus flammeus, also known as a port-wine stain, is a flat, pink, or red birthmark that appears as a patch on the skin. Choice C depicts a birthmark that matches this description. Choice A shows a mole, choice B shows a café-au-lait spot, and choice D shows a strawberry hemangioma, which are different types of birthmarks. So, choice C is the only one that accurately represents a nevus flammeus birthmark.
Which of the following is an important consideration in positioning a newborn for breastfeeding?
- A. Placing the infant at nipple level facing the breast.
- B. Keeping the infant's head slightly lower than the body.
- C. Using the forefinger and middle finger to support the breast.
- D. Limiting the amount of areola the infant takes into the mouth.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer, A, is important because it ensures proper alignment for effective breastfeeding. Placing the infant at nipple level facing the breast helps the baby latch on correctly, promoting optimal milk transfer. Choice B is incorrect as the infant's head should be in line with the body to prevent swallowing issues. Choice C is incorrect because the fingers should support the breast underneath, not on top. Choice D is also incorrect as the baby should take in a sufficient amount of areola for a deep latch.
When giving a newborn a bath, what is a concern for the nurse (or caregiver)?
- A. hyperbilirubinemia
- B. hypoglycemia
- C. thermoregulation
- D. contact dermatitis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Maintaining thermoregulation is critical during bathing to prevent hypothermia.