HESI Basics of Patient Care

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The nurse is concerned about the skin integrity of the patient in the intraoperative phase of surgery. Which action will the nurse take to minimize skin breakdown?

  • A. Encouraging the patient to bathe before surgery
  • B. Securing attachments to the operating table with foam padding
  • C. Periodically adjusting the patient during the surgical procedure
  • D. Measuring the time a patient is in one position during surgery
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Securing attachments to the operating table with foam padding. This action helps distribute pressure and reduce the risk of skin breakdown by providing cushioning and support. Securing attachments with foam padding minimizes direct pressure on bony prominences, enhancing skin integrity.

A: Encouraging the patient to bathe before surgery does not directly address skin breakdown prevention during the intraoperative phase.
C: Periodically adjusting the patient during the surgical procedure may disrupt the surgical field and increase the risk of complications.
D: Measuring the time a patient is in one position during surgery is important but does not actively prevent skin breakdown; it is more focused on monitoring positioning duration.

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Another word for fainting is

  • A. Syncope
  • B. Epistaxis
  • C. Dyspnea
  • D. Emesis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Syncope. Syncope is the medical term for fainting, which refers to a temporary loss of consciousness due to insufficient blood flow to the brain. Epistaxis (B) is the medical term for a nosebleed, Dyspnea (C) is difficulty breathing, and Emesis (D) is vomiting. Therefore, the correct answer is Syncope as it specifically refers to fainting, while the other choices describe different medical conditions.

The CHARTE method and SOAP method are two methods utilized by paramedics to complete the narrative portion of the patient care report. Which of the following is not a component of the CHARTE method?

  • A. Transport
  • B. Etcetera (etc.)
  • C. Assessment
  • D. Chief complaint
Correct Answer: E

Rationale: Step 1: The CHARTE method includes components: Chief complaint, History, Assessment, Rx (treatment), Transport, and Evaluation.
Step 2: Each letter in CHARTE represents a key component of the patient care report.
Step 3: "Transport" is a component in the CHARTE method, ensuring patients are safely transported to the appropriate facility.
Step 4: Therefore, "Transport" is a part of the CHARTE method. This makes option A incorrect.
Step 5: As "Transport" is a component, the correct answer is E: Chief complaint, which is not part of the CHARTE method.

What is the best way of dealing with a hazard to ensure others are not put at risk?

  • A. Remove it immediately.
  • B. Inform the line manager.
  • C. Place a barrier around it.
  • D. Display a warning or notice sign.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Removing the hazard immediately is the best way to prevent risks to others.

Cerebral palsy can be caused by

  • A. Vehicular accidents
  • B. Accidents after the age of three
  • C. Birth trauma
  • D. Communicable diseases
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Birth trauma. Cerebral palsy is a neurological disorder that affects movement and posture, often caused by damage to the developing brain before, during, or shortly after birth. Birth trauma, such as oxygen deprivation during delivery, can lead to cerebral palsy. Vehicular accidents (A), accidents after the age of three (B), and communicable diseases (D) are not direct causes of cerebral palsy as they do not typically result in brain damage during the critical developmental period around birth.

Which of the following is a normal age-related change of the integumentary system?

  • A. Amount of fat and collagen increases.
  • B. Pressure injuries occur.
  • C. Hair thickens.
  • D. Skin becomes thinner and more fragile.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because as we age, the skin undergoes natural changes such as thinning and becoming more fragile. This is due to a decrease in collagen production and a reduction in the skin's ability to retain moisture. Thinning skin makes the elderly more susceptible to injuries and skin tears.

A: Amount of fat and collagen increases - This is incorrect as aging leads to a decrease in collagen production and loss of fat in the skin.
B: Pressure injuries occur - While pressure injuries can be common in older adults, it is not a normal age-related change of the integumentary system.
C: Hair thickens - Hair thinning or loss is more common with age, not thickening.

In summary, the normal age-related change of the integumentary system is skin becoming thinner and more fragile due to decreased collagen and moisture retention.