Nokea
The nurse is conducting a prenatal nutrition education class for a group of nursing students. Which statement best describes the condition known as pica?
- A. Iron-deficiency anemia
- B. Intolerance to milk products
- C. Ingestion of nonfood substances
- D. Episodes of anorexia and vomiting
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ingestion of nonfood substances. Pica is a condition where individuals have a persistent craving to eat items that are not considered food, such as dirt, clay, or ice. This behavior can be seen in pregnant women due to nutritional deficiencies or psychological factors. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately describe pica. Iron-deficiency anemia (A) is a condition related to low iron levels in the blood, intolerance to milk products (B) is a lactose intolerance issue, and episodes of anorexia and vomiting (D) are symptoms of eating disorders, not pica.
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A patient at 8 weeks' gestation complains to the nurse, 'I feel sick almost every morning. And I throw up at least two or three times a week.' What is the nurse's best guidance for this patient?
- A. Do you like cheese?'
- B. Try eating four meals a day instead of three meals a day.'
- C. Try eating peanut butter on whole wheat bread right before going to bed.'
- D. If you can eat enough throughout the day, you don't have to worry about being sick.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Try eating peanut butter on whole wheat bread right before going to bed.' This recommendation is based on the fact that consuming a small snack high in protein and complex carbohydrates before going to bed can help stabilize blood sugar levels and reduce morning sickness symptoms in pregnant women. Peanut butter provides protein and whole wheat bread provides complex carbohydrates, which can help alleviate nausea and vomiting.
Choice A is incorrect because asking about cheese does not address the patient's symptoms or provide any practical guidance for managing morning sickness.
Choice B is incorrect because increasing the number of meals may not necessarily alleviate morning sickness and could potentially exacerbate symptoms.
Choice D is incorrect because suggesting that eating enough throughout the day will prevent sickness oversimplifies the issue and does not offer targeted advice for managing morning sickness.
A woman who had a miscarriage 6 months ago becomes pregnant. Which instruction is most important is most important for the nurse to provide this client?
- A. Elevate lower legs while resting
- B. Increase caloric intake by 200 to 300 calories per day
- C. Increase water intake to 8 full glasses per day
- D. Take prescribed multivitamin and mineral supplements
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A client who has had a spontaneous abortion or stillbirth in the last 1.5 years should take multivitamin and mineral supplements (D) and maintain a balanced diet because the previous pregnancy may have left her nutritionally depleted.
For the pregnant patient who is a vegan, what combination of foods will the nurse advise to meet the nutritional needs for all essential amino acids?
- A. Eggs and beans
- B. Fruits and vegetables
- C. Grains and legumes
- D. Vitamin and mineral supplements
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C (Grains and legumes) because when combined, they provide all essential amino acids needed for a vegan pregnant patient. Grains are low in lysine but high in methionine, while legumes are high in lysine but low in methionine. By consuming both, the patient can achieve a complete protein profile. Choice A (Eggs and beans) is incorrect as vegans do not consume eggs. Choice B (Fruits and vegetables) lacks adequate protein and essential amino acids. Choice D (Vitamin and mineral supplements) is important for overall health but does not provide the necessary amino acids.
Which nursing intervention is an independent function of the professional nurse?
- A. Administering oral analgesics
- B. Requesting diagnostic studies
- C. Teaching the patient perineal care
- D. Providing wound care to a surgical incision
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Teaching is an independent nursing function, whereas administering medications or requesting diagnostic studies are dependent functions requiring physician orders.
The father of a 3-day old infant who is breastfeeding calls the postpartum help line to report that his wife is acting strangely. She is irritable, cannot cope with the baby, and frequently cries for no appeared reason. What information is most important for the nurse to provide the father?
- A. Contact the clinic if the behaviors continue for more than two weeks or becomes worse
- B. Tell the father count the newborns number of soiled diapers over the next few days.
- C. A fluctuation in hormones in the early postpartum period can cause mood changes.
- D. Recommend giving supplemental bottle feedings to the baby between breast feeding.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hormonal fluctuations (C) are common causes of mood changes in the early postpartum period.