Nokea
The nurse is developing a plan of care for a client with hypothyroidism that is not controlled with medication. The nurse should recommend
- A. applying lotion after a warm bath.
- B. high-fiber snacks.
- C. caffeinated beverages to promote energy.
- D. physical activities with frequent rest breaks.
- E. adding fans to the room to keep it cool.
Correct Answer: A, B, D
Rationale: Hypothyroidism causes dry skin, constipation, and fatigue. Lotion hydrates skin, high-fiber snacks aid bowel movements, and rest breaks accommodate low energy. Caffeine may overstimulate, and fans are unhelpful as clients feel cold, not hot.
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The nurse is discussing the functions of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) with a student. Which of the following statements would be correct for the nurse to make? The parathyroid hormone
- A. moves calcium from bones to the bloodstream.
- B. promotes renal tubular reabsorption of calcium.
- C. controls bodily functions such as metabolism and heart rate.
- D. promotes renal tubular reabsorption of phosphorus.
- E. causes the retention of sodium and the excretion of potassium.
Correct Answer: A, B
Rationale: PTH raises blood calcium by mobilizing it from bones and increasing renal reabsorption. Metabolism and heart rate are thyroid functions, and PTH reduces, not increases, phosphorus reabsorption.
The nurse has instructed a client scheduled for an injection of dulaglutide for diabetes mellitus (type two). Which of the following statements by the client would require follow-up?
- A. I should tell my doctor if I experience abdominal pain and vomiting.
- B. I should take this medication within one hour of eating a meal.
- C. If this medication works, I should notice a reduction in my hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c).
- D. I will receive this medication once a week.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dulaglutide, a GLP-1 agonist, is taken weekly regardless of meals, not within one hour of eating. Abdominal pain/vomiting should be reported, HbA1c reduction is expected, and weekly dosing is correct.
The nurse is performing a physical assessment on a client with Cushing's disease. Which assessment findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Hypotension
- B. Acne
- C. Hirsutism
- D. Buffalo hump
- E. Truncal obesity
Correct Answer: B, C, D, E
Rationale: Cushing's disease from excess cortisol causes acne, hirsutism (excess hair), buffalo hump, and truncal obesity due to fat redistribution. Hypertension, not hypotension, is typical.
The nurse is planning a staff education program about conditions that increase cortisol levels. Which of the following conditions should the nurse include?
- A. Addison's disease
- B. Congestive heart failure (CHF)
- C. Renal failure
- D. Cushing's disease
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cushing's disease increases cortisol due to excess ACTH. Addison's reduces cortisol, and CHF and renal failure do not directly elevate cortisol levels.
This nurse is caring for a client who is receiving prescribed sitagliptin. The nurse understands that this medication is intended to treat which condition?
- A. Hyperlipidemia
- B. Diabetes mellitus
- C. Hypothyroidism
- D. Hypertension
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, treats type 2 diabetes mellitus by enhancing incretin effects to lower blood glucose. It does not treat hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism, or hypertension.