Nokea
What nutrient is particularly important for individuals during preconception to reduce the risk of neural tube defects in their fetus?
- A. iron
- B. calcium
- C. folate
- D. vitamin C
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
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Which data in the patient's history should the nurse recognize as being pertinent to a possible diagnosis of postpartum depression?
- A. Previous depressive episode
- B. Unexpected operative birth
- C. Ambivalence during the first trimester
- D. Second pregnancy in a 3-year period
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A previous history of depression is a significant risk factor for postpartum depression. Women who have experienced a depressive episode in the past are more likely to develop postpartum depression compared to those without such a history. Recognizing this pertinent data in the patient's history can help the nurse identify individuals at higher risk for postpartum depression and provide appropriate support and intervention. The other options mentioned (B. Unexpected operative birth, C. Ambivalence during the first trimester, D. Second pregnancy in a 3-year period) may also contribute to emotional distress but are not as directly linked to postpartum depression as a previous depressive episode.
A nurse is caring for a client who is in the first stage of labor and is using pattern-paced breathing. The client says she feels lightheaded and her fingers are tingling. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Administer oxygen via nasal cannula.
- B. Assist the client to breathe into a paper bag.
- C. Have the client tuck her chin to her chest.
- D. Instruct the client to increase her respiratory rate to more than 42 breaths per min.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The client is exhibiting signs of hyperventilation, which can occur as a result of rapid breathing techniques such as pattern-paced breathing during labor. Administering oxygen via nasal cannula can help the client rebalance her oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, which will alleviate the lightheadedness and tingling sensations she is experiencing. Oxygen therapy is the appropriate intervention for respiratory alkalosis caused by hyperventilation. Assisting the client to breathe into a paper bag or instructing her to increase her respiratory rate would exacerbate the hyperventilation and should be avoided. Tucking her chin to her chest is not an appropriate intervention in this situation.
Platypelloid pelvis
- A. Places the client as risk for dystocia
- B. Has an increased probability of cesarean section
- C. Has a flat shape that may impede fetal descent
- D. A Gynecoid pelvis is roomy and ideal for vaginal birth. An Anthropoid pelvis has an oval shape, and an android pelvis is heart shape.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A platypelloid pelvis is characterized by a flat shape with a shortened anteroposterior diameter, which can impede fetal descent during labor. This pelvic type is associated with an increased risk of dystocia, which is difficulty in childbirth due to inadequate progress of labor. The flat shape of the pelvis may lead to improper positioning of the baby, making it challenging for the fetus to navigate through the birth canal. This can result in prolonged labor, increased risk of birth injuries, and potential complications for both the mother and the baby. In some cases, it may necessitate interventions such as labor induction or cesarean delivery to ensure a safe outcome for the mother and the baby.
The nurse is monitoring a client in the second stage of labor. What finding indicates the client is ready to push?
- A. Membranes have ruptured.
- B. Cervix is completely dilated.
- C. Client reports back pain.
- D. Contractions are 10 minutes apart.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Complete cervical dilation marks the beginning of the second stage, signaling readiness to push.
The nurse is providing education on a medical abortion. How would she describe the action of the medications?
- A. Medications thicken the lining of the uterus and decrease uterine contractions.
- B. Medications stop the fetal heart and induce contractions.
- C. Medications soften the cervix, cause uterine lining necrosis, and induce contractions.
- D. Medications thicken the cervix and the uterine lining.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Medications used in a medical abortion typically consist of a combination of Mifepristone and Misoprostol. The action of these medications involves three main effects: softening the cervix to facilitate the expulsion of the pregnancy tissue, causing necrosis of the uterine lining to disrupt the pregnancy, and inducing contractions to expel the contents of the uterus. This process is different from a surgical abortion, which involves a procedure to remove the pregnancy tissue from the uterus.