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The nurse is discussing the importance of evidence-based decision-making (EBDM) with a group of students. Which statement by a student indicates understanding of this process?
- A. "EBDM is a one-step process to make clinical decisions.â€
- B. "EBDM utilizes subjective decision-making.â€
- C. "EBDM uses interventions with replicable results.â€
- D. "EBDM relies on past nursing experiences.â€
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "EBDM uses interventions with replicable results." This statement indicates an understanding of evidence-based decision-making (EBDM) because it highlights the key principle of using interventions that have been proven to produce consistent and replicable results through research and evidence. By basing decisions on interventions with replicable results, healthcare professionals can ensure that their clinical decisions are informed by reliable evidence rather than personal bias or subjective opinions.
Choice A is incorrect because EBDM is a multi-step process that involves gathering evidence, critically appraising it, and applying it to make decisions. Choice B is incorrect as EBDM focuses on objective evidence rather than subjective decision-making. Choice D is incorrect because while past nursing experiences may inform decision-making, EBDM emphasizes the use of current research and evidence to guide practice.
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A nurse in a community clinic is caring for a client who requests assistance with smoking cessation. The nurse should expect a prescription for which of the following medications?
- A. Naltrexone
- B. Chlordiazepoxide
- C. Clonidine
- D. Bupropion
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Bupropion. Bupropion is an antidepressant that is also FDA-approved for smoking cessation. It works by reducing nicotine cravings and withdrawal symptoms. Naltrexone (A) is used for alcohol and opioid dependence, not smoking cessation. Chlordiazepoxide (B) is a benzodiazepine used for alcohol withdrawal. Clonidine (C) is used to manage withdrawal symptoms in opioid and alcohol dependence, not specifically for smoking cessation. Therefore, Bupropion is the most appropriate choice for assisting the client with smoking cessation.
A nurse is familiar with evidence-based practice (EBP) and wants to implement it into the care of clients. Which of the following would present the biggest challenge?
- A. Assessing one's current practice and accessing evidence-based resources
- B. Convincing administration that EBP is beneficial
- C. Distinguishing EBP from practice based on old standards
- D. Showing clients that EBP will improve their health outcomes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because showing clients that EBP will improve their health outcomes presents the biggest challenge. This is because clients may be resistant to change or skeptical about new approaches. It requires effective communication and education to convince clients of the benefits of EBP. Assessing current practice (A) and accessing resources, convincing administration (B), and distinguishing EBP from old standards (C) are challenges that can be addressed through education and training. In contrast, clients' attitudes and beliefs are harder to change, making option D the most challenging aspect of implementing EBP.
While conducting a literature review for an evidence-based project, the nurse recognizes that which type of study represents the lowest level of evidence?
- A. Case reports
- B. Cohort studies
- C. Randomized control trials
- D. Cross-sectional studies
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Case reports. Case reports represent the lowest level of evidence because they are anecdotal, describing observations of individual cases without control groups or systematic data collection. They lack generalizability and are subject to bias. Cohort studies (B), randomized control trials (C), and cross-sectional studies (D) are higher levels of evidence with more rigorous study designs and stronger ability to establish causation and relationships between variables. Cohort studies follow a group over time, RCTs involve random allocation of participants into groups, and cross-sectional studies provide a snapshot of a population at a specific point in time.
A health care provider is concerned about the high number of clients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have poor glucose control. What would be the best reference for the provider to implement evidence-based practice (EBP) in the management of this problem?
- A. Published protocols
- B. Current research findings
- C. Opinions of colleagues
- D. Nursing journals
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Current research findings. This is the best reference for the provider to implement evidence-based practice (EBP) in managing clients with poor glucose control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Current research findings provide the latest evidence-based interventions and recommendations that have been rigorously tested and proven effective. By utilizing current research findings, the provider can ensure that the management strategies implemented are based on the most up-to-date and reliable information. Published protocols (choice A) may be outdated or not as evidence-based, opinions of colleagues (choice C) may vary and not always be based on research, and nursing journals (choice D) may contain a mix of research findings and opinions. It's important to prioritize current research findings for the most reliable and effective evidence-based practice in this scenario.
What is the primary goal of integrating environmental health into nursing practice?
- A. Improving health care infrastructure
- B. Enhancing patient satisfaction
- C. Promoting environmental justice
- D. Reducing health care costs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary goal of integrating environmental health into nursing practice is to promote environmental justice. This involves addressing health disparities caused by environmental factors impacting vulnerable populations. By advocating for fair treatment and equal access to a healthy environment, nurses can contribute to improving overall health outcomes. Improving health care infrastructure (A) focuses on facilities and resources, not specifically on environmental justice. Enhancing patient satisfaction (B) and reducing health care costs (D) are important but not the primary goal of environmental health integration in nursing practice.