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The nurse is discussing the importance of exercising with a client who is diagnosed with coronary artery disease. Which statement best describes the scientific rationale for encouraging 30 minutes of walking daily to help prevent complications of atherosclerosis?
- A. Exercise promotes the development of collateral circulation.
- B. Isometric exercises help develop the client's muscle mass.
- C. Daily exercise helps prevent plaque from developing in the vessel.
- D. Isotonic exercises promote the transport of glucose into the cell.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Walking promotes collateral circulation (A), improving blood flow in CAD. Isometric exercises (B) increase BP, plaque prevention (C) is indirect, and glucose transport (D) is unrelated.
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The client with pericarditis asks why they hear a rubbing sound. What is the best response?
- A. It's caused by fluid in your lungs.
- B. It's due to inflammation of the heart's lining.
- C. It's a normal heart sound.
- D. It's from high blood pressure.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A pericardial friction rub is caused by inflamed pericardial layers rubbing together.
The client with a prosthetic valve asks why they need antibiotics before dental procedures. What is the best response?
- A. To prevent infection of the valve.
- B. To reduce bleeding during the procedure.
- C. To prevent pain during the procedure.
- D. To improve healing after the procedure.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Antibiotics prevent bacterial endocarditis by reducing the risk of valve infection during dental procedures.
Which complication should the nurse monitor for in a client with cardiomyopathy?
- A. Heart failure
- B. Hypoglycemia
- C. Osteoporosis
- D. Gastritis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cardiomyopathy impairs heart function, increasing the risk of heart failure.
Which complication should the nurse monitor for in a client with valvular heart disease?
- A. Pulmonary embolism
- B. Heart failure
- C. Liver failure
- D. Pneumonia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Valvular heart disease can lead to heart failure due to increased cardiac workload and impaired pump function.
The client on the telemetry unit diagnosed with a thromboembolism is complaining of chest pain and anxiety. Which action should the nurse implement first?
- A. Stay with the client and call the Rapid Response Team (RRT).
- B. Assess the client’s vital signs.
- C. Have the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) stay with the client.
- D. Check the client’s telemetry reading.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chest pain/anxiety in thromboembolism suggests pulmonary embolism; calling RRT (A) ensures rapid intervention. Vitals (B), UAP (C), and telemetry (D) follow.