Nokea
The nurse is discussing the term subculture with a student nurse. Which statement by the nurse would best describe subculture?
- A. "Fitting as many people as possible into the majority culture."?
- B. "Identifying small groups of people who do not want to be identified with the larger culture."?
- C. "Singling out groups of people who suffer differential and unequal treatment as a result of cultural variations."?
- D. "Recognizing groups of people within a culture with shared characteristics that are not common to all members of the culture."?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A subculture refers to a group of people within a larger culture who share distinct beliefs, values, or attitudes that are not universal among all members of the larger culture. Subcultures can emerge based on factors such as ethnicity, religion, education, occupation, age, and gender. The correct answer describes the concept of a subculture accurately. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not capture the essence of a subculture. Fitting people into the majority culture, identifying small groups who distance themselves from the larger culture, or singling out individuals facing differential treatment do not define subculture. Subcultures represent specific groups with shared characteristics that differentiate them from the broader cultural norms.
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Which theory reflects the view that illness is caused by an imbalance or disharmony in the forces of nature?
- A. Germ theory
- B. Naturalistic theory
- C. Magicoreligious theory
- D. Biomedical or scientific theory
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The naturalistic theory posits that illness results from an imbalance or disharmony in the forces of nature. According to this theory, maintaining a natural balance or harmony is essential to prevent illness. Conversely, germ theory and biomedical or scientific theory attribute illness to microorganisms, while magicoreligious theory attributes illness to supernatural forces such as deities or spirits. Therefore, the most appropriate theory reflecting the belief that illness arises from a disruption in natural forces is the naturalistic theory.
When preparing to perform a physical examination on an infant, what should the nurse do?
- A. Have the parent remove all clothing except the diaper.
- B. Instruct the parent not to feed the infant immediately before the examination.
- C. Allow the infant to suck on a pacifier during abdominal auscultation.
- D. Ensure the parent is present during the examination.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: For performing a physical examination on an infant, it is important to have the parent remove all clothing except the diaper to allow for a thorough examination while ensuring the infant remains comfortable. It is recommended not to feed the infant immediately before the examination but rather 1 to 2 hours after feeding when the baby is neither too drowsy nor too hungry. While a pacifier may be used during invasive assessments or if the infant is crying, it is not typically necessary during abdominal auscultation. Having the parent present during the examination is important for the infant's security and for the parent to understand the process; however, the clothing should still be removed except for the diaper to facilitate a comprehensive assessment.
During a heritage assessment, which question is most appropriate for the nurse to ask?
- A. "Do you smoke?"?
- B. "What is your religion?"?
- C. "Do you have a history of heart disease?"?
- D. "How many years have you lived in the United States?"?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: During a heritage assessment, it is crucial for the nurse to ask questions related to a person's country of ancestry, years in the United States, cultural practices, beliefs, and values. By asking about the number of years lived in the United States, the nurse can gain insights into the individual's cultural background and heritage. Options B, C, and A are not directly related to assessing heritage. Asking about religion only addresses one aspect of heritage, while smoking history and health history do not provide a comprehensive view of a person's heritage.
The nurse is comparing the concepts of religion and spirituality. Which statement describes an appropriate component of one's spirituality?
- A. Belief in and worship of God or gods
- B. Being closely tied to one's ethnic background
- C. Attendance at a specific church or place of worship
- D. A connection with something larger than oneself and belief in transcendence
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Spirituality refers to a connection with something larger than oneself and a belief in transcendence. The other responses do not apply to spirituality. Choice A, 'Belief in and worship of God or gods,' and choice C, 'Attendance at a specific church or place of worship,' are more aligned with religious practices. Choice B, 'Being closely tied to one's ethnic background,' is not a defining aspect of spirituality or religion as it pertains more to cultural identity rather than spiritual beliefs.
When caring for children with a different cultural perspective, what challenge may the nurse recognize?
- A. Children have spiritual needs that are influenced by their stages of development
- B. Children have spiritual needs that are direct reflections of what is occurring in their homes
- C. Religious beliefs rarely affect the parents' perceptions of the illness
- D. Parents are often the decision-makers, and they have no knowledge of their children's spiritual needs
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When caring for children with different cultural perspectives, nurses should acknowledge that children have spiritual needs that are influenced by their stages of development. This understanding is crucial as children, like adults, have varying spiritual needs based on their age and the religious environment within their family. Recognizing and addressing these spiritual needs is essential for providing holistic care. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the influence of children's developmental stages on their spiritual needs and the importance of considering these needs in their care.