Nokea
The nurse is evaluating a male client’s understanding of diet teaching about the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) eating plan. Which behavior indicates that the client is adhering to the eating plan?
- A. Uses only lactose-free dairy products
- B. Enjoys fat free yogurt as an occasional snack food
- C. No longer includes grains in his daily diet
- D. Carefully cleans and peels all fresh fruit and vegetables
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cleaning and peeling fruits and vegetables is consistent with the DASH plan, which promotes a high intake of fresh produce.
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The following conditions are associated with hyperammonaemia:
- A. Reye syndrome
- B. Citrullinaemia
- C. Methylmalonic acidaemia
- D. Homocystinuria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Reye syndrome is associated with hyperammonaemia due to liver dysfunction and impaired urea cycle function, leading to ammonia accumulation.
The differential in a 5-year old with a 2-week history of painful joints is all the following except:
- A. Viral polyarthritis
- B. Rheumatoid arthritis
- C. Lyme disease
- D. Rheumatic fever
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: rheumatoid arthritis is rare in a 5-year-old with a 2-week history of joint pain. The other options (a-d) are more likely differentials.
Which is best described as the inability of the heart to pump an adequate amount of blood to the systemic circulation at normal filling pressures?
- A. Pulmonary congestion
- B. Congenital heart defect
- C. Heart failure
- D. Systemic venous congestion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The definition of heart failure is the inability of the heart to pump an adequate amount of blood to the systemic circulation at normal filling pressures to meet the body’s metabolic demands. Pulmonary congestion is an excessive accumulation of fluid in the lungs. Congenital heart defect is a malformation of the heart present at birth. Systemic venous congestion is an excessive accumulation of fluid in the systemic vasculature.
Features of severe folate deficiency include:
- A. Steatorrhoea
- B. Glossitis
- C. Leucoerythroblastic picture
- D. Increased total iron binding capacity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glossitis, or inflammation of the tongue, is a common feature of folate deficiency due to its role in cell division and growth.
The severity of symptoms of Ebstein anomaly and the degree of cyanosis are high and depend on the extent of
- A. displacement of the tricuspid valve
- B. cardiac dysrhythmias
- C. atrial right-to-left shunt
- D. pulmonary vascular resistance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Displacement of the tricuspid valve is a key determinant of symptom severity in Ebstein anomaly.