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The nurse is explaining to the family of a patient diagnosed with schizophrenia that the disorder is considered to have neurobiological origins. When the patient's mother asks, 'What part of the brain is dysfunctional?' the nurse should reply, 'Research has implicated the:
- A. medulla and cortex.
- B. cerebellum and cerebrum.
- C. hypothalamus and medulla.
- D. prefrontal and limbic cortices.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: prefrontal and limbic cortices. The prefrontal cortex is involved in decision-making, planning, and social behavior, functions commonly impaired in schizophrenia. The limbic cortex regulates emotions and memory, areas affected in schizophrenia. Medulla (A, C) controls basic functions like breathing, not implicated in schizophrenia. Cerebellum (B) coordinates movement, unrelated to schizophrenia. Hypothalamus (C) regulates hormones, not directly linked to schizophrenia. In summary, D is correct as prefrontal and limbic cortices are key brain regions affected in schizophrenia, while the other choices are not directly involved in the disorder.
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Children should undergo further evaluation when their weight is % above their height.
- A. 10
- B. 15
- C. 20
- D. 25
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C (20%). This is because a weight that is 20% above a child's height can indicate potential health issues such as obesity. Excess weight can lead to various health problems in children. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they represent lower percentages, which may not be as concerning in terms of potential health risks. It is important to consider a higher percentage threshold for further evaluation to ensure early detection and intervention for any weight-related issues.
A nurse plans a staff education program for employees of a senior living community. Which topic has priority?
- A. Late-onset schizophrenia
- B. Depression and suicide
- C. Dementia
- D. Delirium
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Older Americans frequently experience undiagnosed depression and are disproportionately more likely to commit suicide (B). Educating staff about signs and symptoms of high-risk patients and early intervention strategies will decrease morbidity and mortality. The other conditions (A, C, D) have a lower prevalence.
A client with an eating disorder that has resulted in weight loss to a point 15% below normal weight tells the nurse, 'I don't need to be hospitalized. I can control myself.' The nurse continues to prepare the client for hospitalization because the vicious cycle of eating disorder behavior is fueled by:
- A. feelings of power and control resulting from weight loss.
- B. dysfunctional family dynamics.
- C. faulty use of the defense mechanism projection.
- D. lack of superego constraints on behavior.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: feelings of power and control resulting from weight loss. In clients with eating disorders, the behavior is often driven by a sense of control and power gained through weight loss. This reinforces the cycle of the disorder as the individual feels empowered by their ability to restrict food intake. This false sense of control becomes a driving force in the continuation of the disorder.
Incorrect answers:
B: Dysfunctional family dynamics may contribute to the development of an eating disorder, but in this scenario, the client's refusal for hospitalization is more related to their own sense of control rather than family dynamics.
C: Faulty use of the defense mechanism projection is not the primary reason for the client's resistance to hospitalization in this case.
D: Lack of superego constraints on behavior is not the main factor driving the client's refusal for hospitalization.
When a patient with anorexia nervosa is admitted for treatment, the milieu should provide: (Select all that apply.)
- A. Flexible mealtimes.
- B. Unscheduled weight checks.
- C. Adherence to a selected menu.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Flexible mealtimes. In the treatment of anorexia nervosa, providing flexible mealtimes allows patients to regain a sense of control over their eating habits, which is crucial in their recovery process. This approach helps to reduce anxiety around food and promotes a healthier relationship with eating.
Choice B: Unscheduled weight checks can be triggering and anxiety-provoking for patients with anorexia nervosa, as weight monitoring can be a significant source of distress for them.
Choice C: Adherence to a selected menu may reinforce rigid eating patterns and control issues related to food, which can be counterproductive in the treatment of anorexia nervosa.
Choice D: None of the above is incorrect because providing flexible mealtimes is essential in creating a supportive and therapeutic environment for patients with anorexia nervosa.
A client has been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, stage 1. The nurse would expect to help the family plan measures to assist the client with:
- A. Recent memory loss
- B. Catastrophic reactions
- C. Progressive gait disturbances
- D. Perseveration
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Recent memory loss. In stage 1 of Alzheimer's disease, the primary symptom is mild memory loss, particularly with recent events and information. The nurse would help the family plan measures to assist the client by implementing strategies to support memory, such as setting reminders, organizing daily routines, and using memory aids. Choice B, catastrophic reactions, is more commonly associated with later stages of the disease. Choice C, progressive gait disturbances, is not a typical symptom of stage 1 Alzheimer's. Choice D, perseveration, involves the repetition of a particular response or behavior and is not a primary concern in stage 1 Alzheimer's disease.