Nokea
The nurse is giving dietary instructions to a client who has been prescribed cyclosporine. Which statement by the client indicates the need for further teaching?
- A. Red meats are alright to eat.
- B. Orange juice is a great choice for breakfast.
- C. Grapefruit juice will not interfere with the medication.
- D. Green leafy vegetables should be eaten as often as possible.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A compound in grapefruit juice inhibits the metabolism of cyclosporine. Thus, drinking grapefruit juice can raise cyclosporine levels by 50% to 100%, greatly increasing the risk of toxicity. The foods in options 1, 2, and 4 are acceptable to consume.
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The nurse is giving medication instructions to a client who is receiving furosemide. Which client statement indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. I need to change positions slowly.
- B. I need to be careful to not get overheated in warm weather.
- C. I need to talk to my primary health care provider about the use of alcohol.
- D. I need to avoid the use of salt substitutes because they contain potassium.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Furosemide is a potassium-losing diuretic, so there is no need to avoid high-potassium products, such as a salt substitute. Orthostatic hypotension is a risk, and the client must use caution when changing positions and with exposure to warm weather. The client needs to discuss the use of alcohol with the primary health care provider.
A client diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is reporting fatigue. The nurse educates the client on ways to conserve energy. Which statement indicates that the teaching was effective?
- A. Bathe before eating breakfast.
- B. Sit for as many activities as possible.
- C. Stand in the shower instead of taking a bath.
- D. Group all tasks to be performed early in the morning.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The client is taught to conserve energy by sitting for as many activities as possible, including dressing, shaving, preparing food, and ironing. The client should also sit in a shower chair instead of standing while showering. The client needs to prioritize activities such as eating breakfast before bathing, and the client should intersperse each major activity with a period of rest.
The nurse is educating the client on how to save lives and prevent burn injuries, in the event of a fire in the home. Which statement by the client indicates that the teaching has been effective?
- A. I should lace escape ladders in the bedrooms.
- B. I should install a whole-house sprinkler system.
- C. I should keep fresh batteries in smoke detectors.
- D. I should mount fire extinguishers in several areas.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The early detection of smoke using a smoke detector and immediate evacuation from the house have significant and positive effects on mortality rates. This is because the smoke alarm activates before the appearance of open flames, which gives people in the house a chance to evacuate without burn injuries. Option 1 helps people in the house escape from second-story rooms safely, but it does not alert the people to the fire before flames are evident, thus exposing them to the risk of burn injury. Installing a sprinkler system is very expensive, and this is usually not done in private residences. Fire extinguishers are a good idea to have in the kitchen and other areas for small fires, but they are not designed to extinguish large fires.
The nurse provides instructions to a client about applying a nitroglycerin patch. What statement indicates that the client is using correct technique?
- A. A second patch will be applied if chest pain occurs.
- B. I will apply the patch to a nonhairy area of the body.
- C. I will remove the patch when bathing and reapply it after the bath.
- D. I will remove the patch after gently rubbing the area to activate the medication.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Topical nitroglycerin is applied to a nonhairy part of the body. It is used on a scheduled basis and is not prescribed specifically for the occurrence of chest pain. The ointment is not rubbed into the skin; it is reapplied only as directed.
The nurse is reviewing written medication instructions with a client who is prescribed colestipol hydrochloride. Which statement by the client indicates that the teaching has been effective?
- A. Vitamin C will help control unintended side effects.
- B. Vitamin B12 will help control unintended side effects.
- C. B-complex vitamins will help control unintended side effects.
- D. Fat-soluble vitamins will help control unintended side effects.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Colestipol hydrochloride, which is a bile-sequestering agent, is used to lower blood cholesterol levels. However, the bile salts (which are rich in cholesterol) interfere with the absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K, as well as folic acid. With ongoing therapy, the client is at risk for the deficiency of these vitamins and is counseled to take them as supplements.