Nokea
The nurse is instructing a client with newly diagnosed hypoparathyroidism about the regimen used to treat this disorder. The nurse should state that the physician probably will prescribe daily supplements of calcium and:
- A. Folic acid
- B. Potassium
- C. Vitamin D
- D. Iron
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the management of hypoparathyroidism, along with the supplementation of calcium, a physician will often prescribe vitamin D. This is because vitamin D plays a crucial role in regulating the absorption of calcium in the intestines. A deficiency in vitamin D can lead to decreased calcium absorption, which can worsen the symptoms of hypoparathyroidism. Therefore, supplementing with vitamin D along with calcium helps to maintain proper calcium levels in the body, which is essential for various physiological functions.
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the frontal fontanell is protruding when a child suffering from:
- A. meningitis
- B. hydrocepalus
- C. subdural hematoma
- D. all the answers are correct
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The protrusion of the frontal fontanelle in a child can be a concerning sign and can be seen in various conditions such as meningitis, hydrocephalus, and subdural hematoma. In meningitis, the inflammation of the meninges can lead to increased intracranial pressure, which may cause the fontanelle to bulge. Hydrocephalus, which is the buildup of fluid in the brain, can also result in the fontanelle being more pronounced. Additionally, a subdural hematoma, which is a collection of blood between the brain and its outermost covering, can lead to pressure on the brain and consequent fontanelle protrusion. Therefore, all the provided choices (A, B, C) are correct as they can lead to the protrusion of the frontal fontanelle in a child.
What should the client at risk for developing AIDS be advised to do?
- A. Abstain from anal intercourse
- B. Have a semen analysis done
- C. Have an ELISA test for antibodies
- D. Inform all sexual contacts
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The client at risk for developing AIDS, which is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), should be advised to have an ELISA test for antibodies to check for the presence of the virus. ELISA is a standard blood test used for HIV screening because it can detect antibodies produced by the body in response to HIV infection. Early detection through testing is crucial to initiate treatment interventions and prevent further transmission of the virus. It is important for the client to undergo this test to determine their HIV status and receive appropriate medical care and support.
The nurse is preparing a client for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to confirm or rule out a spinal cord lesion. During the MRI scan, which of the following would pose a threat to the client?
- A. The client lies still.
- B. The client wears a watch and wedding
- C. The client asks questions. band.
- D. the client hears thumping sounds.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The client wearing a watch and wedding band would pose a threat during the MRI scan. MRI machines use strong magnetic fields that can interact with metal objects. The presence of metal objects such as a watch and wedding band can lead to serious safety risks for the client inside the MRI machine. These metal objects can become projectiles or heat up, causing burns or other injuries. Thus, it is crucial for the client to remove all metal objects before undergoing an MRI scan to ensure their safety.
Several days before admission, a client reports finding a small lump in the left breast near the nipple. What should the nurse tell the client to do?
- A. Inform the physician immediately
- B. Check the area after the next menstrual
- C. Squeeze the nipple to check for period
- D. Put a heating pad on the area to reduce inflammation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should advise the client to inform the physician immediately. Finding a lump in the breast near the nipple can be concerning as it might indicate a potential issue like breast cancer. Prompt assessment by a healthcare provider is essential for proper evaluation and timely intervention if needed. It is crucial not to delay seeking medical attention for any breast abnormalities to ensure early detection and management of any possible health conditions.
You are discussing failure to thrive (FTT) with medical students. You mention that FTT is most often used to describe malnutrition related to environmental or psychosocial causes. An important statement that should be included in your discussion is
- A. FTT is often diagnosed by weight that falls below the 25th percentile for age
- B. a weight crossing one major percentile lines on the growth height should be evaluated for FTT chart over time is considered abnormal
- C. a weight of less than 60 % of the median weight for the height of the child
- D. small subset of the population naturally falls below the 3rd percentile but usually have normal weight for height
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Crossing percentile lines on a growth chart indicates a significant deviation from the child's previous growth trajectory, which is a key indicator of potential FTT.