Nokea
The nurse is instructing a health class of high school seniors on the function of the kidney. The nurse is correct to highlight which information?
- A. Regulates estrogen and progesterone
- B. Excretes waste products
- C. Controls blood pressure
- D. Regulate calcium and the synthesis of vitamin D
- E. Activates growth hormone
- F. Regulates red blood cell production
Correct Answer: B,C,D,F
Rationale: The nurse is correct to highlight all of the options except regulates estrogen and progesterone. The pituitary gland controls hormone secretion.
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A client who is suspected of urinary tract infection is asked to collect a 24-hour urine specimen for culture. Which measure can the nurse suggest to the client that may help prevent the entire urine specimen from becoming contaminated?
- A. Collect the voided urine sample primarily before 5 AM.
- B. Refrigerate the specimen until it is taken to the laboratory.
- C. Use the same receptacle for voiding and defecation.
- D. Store the collected urine away from sunlight.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: To prevent the entire urine specimen from becoming contaminated, the urine specimen should be refrigerated until it can be taken to the laboratory. The nurse should ask the client to use separate receptacles for voiding and defecation to prevent any part of the specimen from being lost or contaminated. Urinating and collecting the urine sample only before 5 AM and collecting and storing the urine away from sunlight will not help prevent the urine specimen from becoming contaminated.
A gerontologic consideration of aging is the decreased ability to concentrate urine. This consideration leads to an increased susceptibility to dehydration further complicated by a deficit in thirst. Which nursing action would be most appropriate to address this concern?
- A. Encourage the client to decrease fluid intake.
- B. Instruct the client to double void.
- C. Offer the client use of the bathroom.
- D. Monitor the client for signs of drug toxicity.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A dull sound when percussing over the bladder indicates a full bladder. Because the bladder is full, the nurse would offer the client use of the bathroom. Tenderness over the kidney can indicate an infection or stones. Bruits are an abnormal vascular sound that does not indicate the need to use the bathroom. Ingesting water does not mean that the client has to void at this time.
The nurse at the diabetes clinic is instructing a client who is struggling with compliance to the diabetic diet. When discussing disease progression, which manifestation of the disease process on the urinary system is most notable?
- A. Clients have frequent urinary tract infections.
- B. Clients develop a neurogenic bladder.
- C. Clients have urinary frequency.
- D. Clients have chronic renal failure.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Although all of the options may occur in the client with diabetes mellitus, the option which is most notable, and potentially life threatening, is chronic renal failure.
A nurse is describing the renal system to a client with a kidney disorder. Which structure would the nurse identify as emptying into the ureters?
- A. Nephron
- B. Renal pelvis
- C. Parenchyma
- D. Glomerulus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The renal pelvis empties into the ureter which carries urine to the bladder for storage. The nephron consists of the glomerulus, afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, Bowman's capsule, distal and proximal convoluted tubules, the loop of Henle, and collecting tubule. The nephron is located in the cortex and carries out the functions of the kidney. The parenchyma is made up of the cortex and medulla.
A group of students is reviewing for a test on the urinary and renal system. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify what as part of the upper urinary tract?
- A. Bladder
- B. Urethra
- C. Ureters
- D. Pelvic floor muscles
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The upper urinary tract is composed of the kidneys, renal pelvis, and ureters. The lower urinary tract consists of the bladder, urethra, and pelvic floor muscles.