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The nurse is instructing a two (2)-week postpartum client who has red, tender breasts after trying to breastfeed the infant. Which should the nurse teach the client?
- A. Be sure the baby empties each breast when feeding.
- B. Apply warm, moist pack to the breasts for comfort.
- C. Apply rubbing alcohol to the breast to treat the infection.
- D. The baby must be given formula because the mother cannot breastfeed.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Warm, moist packs relieve engorgement and mastitis discomfort, promoting milk flow. Emptying breasts prevents engorgement but is not the focus, alcohol is harmful, and formula is unnecessary.
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Which action by the nurse is most appropriate?
- A. Allow the client's partner to stay in the examination room.
- B. Ask the client's friend to remain in the waiting room.
- C. Ask the physician to make the decision in this situation.
- D. Suggest that the friend wait outside the examination room door.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Allowing the client's partner to stay respects the client's preference and provides emotional support, as long as the client consents and privacy is maintained.
The nurse is caring for a client who is eight (8) hours postoperative unilateral orchiectomy for cancer of the testes. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
- A. Provide an athletic supporter before ambulating.
- B. Encourage the client to delay use of pain medications.
- C. Place the client on a clear liquid diet for the first 48 hours.
- D. Monitor the PT/INR levels and have vitamin K ready.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An athletic supporter reduces scrotal swelling and discomfort during ambulation post-orchiectomy. Delaying pain medication, clear liquids, and PT/INR monitoring are inappropriate.
The client is diagnosed with vulvar cancer. Which are the most common symptoms of cancer of the vulva?
- A. Red, painful lesions.
- B. Vulvar itching.
- C. Thin, white vulvar skin.
- D. Vaginal dryness.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vulvar itching is the most common symptom of vulvar cancer, often persistent. Red lesions, thin skin, and dryness are less specific or associated with other conditions.
Which instruction is most appropriate if a Papanicolaou (Pap) smear will be obtained at the time of the pelvic examination?
- A. Avoid douching for several days before your appointment.
- B. Stop using any and all forms of contraception temporarily.
- C. Drink at least 1 quart of liquid an hour before your appointment.
- D. Avoid having sexual intercourse for a week before the test.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Douching can wash away cervical cells, leading to inaccurate Pap smear results, so it should be avoided for several days prior to the test.
Which statement best describes the responsibility of the public health nurse regarding sexually transmitted diseases?
- A. Notify the sexual partners of clients diagnosed with an STD.
- B. Determine the course of treatment for clients diagnosed with an STD.
- C. Explain the legal aspects of STD reporting to a client diagnosed with an STD.
- D. Analyze the statistics regarding STD transmission and reporting the findings.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Public health nurses educate clients on legal reporting requirements for STDs, ensuring compliance. Partner notification is often handled by health departments, treatment is physician-driven, and statistical analysis is secondary.