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An RN comes upon a serious motor vehicle accident that has just occurred and no first responders are on the scene. One car has been flipped upside down, and she can see the driver still in the car. The RN decides to stop and help. She knows she is protected from civil liability as long as she does which of the following?
- A. Acts in an ordinary, reasonable, and prudent professional manner
- B. Assures that information obtained is not communicated to anyone else
- C. Does not make any verbal comments that could lead to economic harm
- D. Fails to meet the established standards of practice
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Acts in an ordinary, reasonable, and prudent professional manner. The RN is protected from civil liability under the Good Samaritan laws when they act in a manner that is considered ordinary, reasonable, and prudent for a healthcare professional in an emergency situation. By stopping to help at the accident scene, the RN is fulfilling their duty to provide aid as a healthcare professional. Choices B and C are incorrect because withholding information or refraining from making certain verbal comments would not protect the RN from liability in this emergency scenario. Choice D is incorrect because failing to meet the established standards of practice would expose the RN to potential liability.
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As the definition of nursing evolved, which of the following nurse theorists focused on the uniqueness of nursing?
- A. Florence Nightingale
- B. Virginia Henderson
- C. Martha Rogers
- D. Abraham Maslow
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Virginia Henderson is the correct answer because she emphasized the unique role of nursing in helping individuals achieve independence in meeting their basic needs. Henderson's theory focuses on the holistic approach to patient care, highlighting the importance of individualized care and the nurse's role in assisting patients to reach their optimal health potential.
Florence Nightingale, known as the founder of modern nursing, focused on sanitation and environmental factors in health care. Martha Rogers emphasized the interconnectedness of humans with their environment. Abraham Maslow is known for his hierarchy of needs theory, which is more aligned with psychology than nursing.
Which leadership style is most effective in a crisis situation?
- A. Democratic
- B. Autocratic
- C. Transformational
- D. Laissez-faire
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Autocratic. In a crisis situation, quick and decisive actions are crucial. An autocratic leadership style allows for immediate decision-making and clear direction, which is essential in rapidly changing and high-stress environments. This style ensures swift responses and minimizes confusion or delays.
Incorrect choices:
A: Democratic leadership involves group decision-making, which may be time-consuming and not suitable for urgent crisis situations.
C: Transformational leadership focuses on inspiring and empowering others, which may not be as effective in a crisis when quick and direct actions are needed.
D: Laissez-faire leadership gives employees a high degree of freedom and independence, which can lead to chaos and lack of direction in a crisis scenario.
A nurse recognizes which of the following as a primary goal of nursing?
- A. Assist patients to achieve a peaceful death.
- B. Improve personal knowledge and skills to enhance patient outcomes.
- C. Advocate for quality of life over the quantity of life.
- D. Work to control costs to enhance patients' quality of life.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the primary goal of nursing is to provide holistic care, which includes helping patients achieve a peaceful death. This involves promoting comfort, dignity, and emotional support for patients and their families at the end of life. Choice B focuses on personal development, not the primary goal of nursing. Choice C emphasizes quality of life, which is important but not the primary goal. Choice D prioritizes cost control, which is not the central focus of nursing care. Overall, assisting patients to achieve a peaceful death reflects the essence of nursing care and the importance of compassion and support in end-of-life situations.
What is the main purpose of a nursing code of ethics?
- A. To protect the rights and dignity of patients
- B. To ensure compliance with healthcare laws
- C. To set standards for clinical practice
- D. To provide a framework for ethical decision-making in nursing practice
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The main purpose of a nursing code of ethics is to provide a framework for ethical decision-making in nursing practice. This is because ethical codes help guide nurses on moral principles and values when faced with ethical dilemmas. It is crucial for nurses to have a set of guidelines to navigate complex situations ethically.
Choice A is incorrect because while protecting the rights and dignity of patients is important, it is not the main purpose of a nursing code of ethics. Choice B is incorrect because compliance with healthcare laws is separate from ethical decision-making. Choice C is incorrect as setting standards for clinical practice is a different aspect of nursing practice compared to ethical decision-making.
When a patient with type 2 diabetes is admitted for a cholecystectomy, which nursing action can the nurse delegate to a licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)?
- A. Communicate the blood glucose level and insulin dose to the circulating nurse in surgery.
- B. Discuss the reason for the use of insulin therapy during the immediate postoperative period.
- C. Administer the prescribed lispro (Humalog) insulin before transporting the patient to surgery.
- D. Plan strategies to minimize the risk for hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia during the postoperative period.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Administer the prescribed lispro (Humalog) insulin before transporting the patient to surgery.
Rationale:
1. Administering insulin falls under the scope of practice for an LPN/LVN.
2. Administering lispro insulin before surgery helps maintain the patient's blood glucose within a safe range during the procedure.
3. LPN/LVNs are trained to administer medications safely and accurately.
Summary:
A: Communication with the circulating nurse requires critical thinking and interpretation, which may be beyond the scope of an LPN/LVN.
B: Discussing the reason for insulin therapy involves patient education and interpretation, which are typically responsibilities of a registered nurse.
D: Planning strategies to prevent hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia requires higher-level critical thinking and assessment skills, usually performed by a registered nurse.