Nokea
What dietary factor raises triglyceride levels?
- A. high refined carbohydrate intake
- B. low soluble fiber intake
- C. high iron intake
- D. low fat intake
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: high refined carbohydrate intake. High intake of refined carbohydrates, such as sugars and white flour, can lead to elevated triglyceride levels, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Choice B, low soluble fiber intake, is incorrect because soluble fiber actually helps lower triglyceride levels. Choice C, high iron intake, is incorrect as iron intake is not directly linked to raising triglyceride levels. Choice D, low fat intake, is also incorrect as not all fats raise triglyceride levels; it depends on the type of fat consumed.
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A mother asks about healthy snacks for her three children under 4 years old. All are wise choices the dental hygienist can recommend, except one. Which is the exception?
- A. Low-fat milk or yogurt
- B. Whole-grain cereals
- C. Raw vegetable sticks
- D. Nuts and seeds
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nuts and seeds pose a choking hazard for children under 4 years old, making them an unsafe snack choice for young children. While low-fat milk or yogurt, whole-grain cereals, and raw vegetable sticks are healthy snack options suitable for children under 4 years old, nuts and seeds should be avoided due to the risk of choking, especially in young children who may not have fully developed chewing abilities.
Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome are most likely associated with disturbed defecation, bloating, and _____.
- A. rectal bleeding
- B. abdominal pain
- C. rectal fissures
- D. esophageal paralysis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Abdominal pain is a common symptom of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), along with bloating and changes in bowel habits. Rectal bleeding (choice A) is more commonly associated with conditions like inflammatory bowel disease or colorectal cancer. Rectal fissures (choice C) may cause rectal bleeding but are not typically considered a core symptom of IBS. Esophageal paralysis (choice D) is unrelated to the symptoms of IBS, which primarily affect the lower gastrointestinal tract.
Medications that reduce stomach acidity can impair the absorption of _____.
- A. calcium
- B. iron
- C. vitamin D
- D. vitamin C
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Reduced stomach acidity impairs the absorption of iron, as an acidic environment is necessary for optimal iron absorption in the stomach. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as medications that reduce stomach acidity typically do not significantly affect the absorption of calcium, vitamin D, or vitamin C.
The recommended daily fluid intake of patients maintained using hemodialysis is:
- A. 150 mL plus the volume of urinary output
- B. 500 mL plus the volume of urinary output
- C. 1000 mL plus the volume of urinary output
- D. 1500 mL plus the volume of urinary output
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 1000 mL plus the volume of urinary output. Fluid intake is typically restricted in hemodialysis patients to prevent fluid overload. The recommended daily fluid intake for these patients is 1000 mL plus any urinary output. Choice A (150 mL plus the volume of urinary output) is too low and would not provide enough fluid for these patients. Choice B (500 mL plus the volume of urinary output) is also insufficient. Choice D (1500 mL plus the volume of urinary output) is too high and may lead to fluid overload in hemodialysis patients.
How many amino acids are essential?
- A. 5
- B. 7
- C. 9
- D. 13
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 9. There are 9 essential amino acids that the body cannot synthesize and must be obtained through the diet. These 9 amino acids are histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the correct number of essential amino acids.