Nokea
The nurse is monitoring an infant with a congenital heart disease closely for signs of heart failure. Which early sign should the nurse be most concerned about?
- A. Pallor
- B. Cough
- C. Tachycardia
- D. Slow and shallow breathing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tachycardia is an early sign of heart failure in infants because the heart attempts to compensate for decreased cardiac output by increasing the heart rate.
You may also like to solve these questions
Hereditary angioneurotic oedema (HANE):
- A. Deficiency of CI esterase occurs
- B. Can present as recurrent abdominal pain
- C. C4 is increased
- D. Androgen agonists are helpful in management
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Deficiency of CI esterase occurs
What is cardiac power output (CPO) in a patient with acute anterior wall ST-elevation myocardial infarction and left ventricular failure? His mean arterial pressure was 60 mm Hg and cardiac output calculated on echo was 2.91l min−1.
- A. 0.48
- B. 0.38
- C. 0.58
- D. 0.68
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cardiac power output is calculated as (MAP × cardiac output) / 451. For the given values, the correct calculation gives a value of 0.58.
The patient most probably has
- A. severe aortic stenosis
- B. patent ductus arteriosus
- C. Williams syndrome
- D. none of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The clinical features suggest severe aortic stenosis with left ventricular hypertrophy.
Which is the incorrect statement regarding effect of dobutamine infusion in patients with heart failure
- A. Left ventricular end diastolic pressure decreases
- B. Mean arterial pressure decreases slightly due to interplay of actions on alpha 1 and alpha 2 receptors
- C. Left ventricular end systolic volume decreases
- D. There is increased myocardial oxygen demand
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mean arterial pressure typically increases, not decreases, with dobutamine infusion due to its inotropic effects.
Factors triggering renin stimulation:
- A. Hyponatraemia
- B. ACTH
- C. Hypovolaemia
- D. ANP
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypovolaemia