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The nurse is most accurate in stating that the cause of Meniere's disease is unknown but that the symptoms are related to which disorder?
- A. A non-suppurative inflammation
- B. A disturbance in the balance of inner ear fluid
- C. An infection in the middle ear
- D. An autoimmune response in the cochlea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Meniere's symptoms stem from inner ear fluid imbalance.
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If the physician wants to check the client's intraocular pressure (IOP), which instrument should the nurse have available?
- A. Ophthalmoscope
- B. Tonometer
- C. Retinoscope
- D. Speculum
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A tonometer measures intraocular pressure, essential for glaucoma assessment.
The client is complaining of burning, stabbing pain that radiates around the left rib cage area. The nurse cannot find any type of skin abnormality. Which action should the nurse implement?
- A. Transfer the client to the ED for a cardiac work-up.
- B. Inform the client that the nurse can’t see anything.
- C. Administer a nonnarcotic analgesic to the client.
- D. Ask the client if he or she has ever had chickenpox.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Burning pain along dermatomes without visible lesions suggests early herpes zoster, linked to prior chickenpox. Cardiac work-up, dismissal, or analgesics are premature.
Which information about pruritus should the nurse include? Select all that apply.
- A. Cool environments increase itching.
- B. Use of soap increases itching.
- C. Use hot water to rinse off soap.
- D. Apply mild skin lotion for hydration.
- E. Blot gently, but completely dry the skin.
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: Soap, mild lotion, and gentle drying reduce pruritus. Cool environments decrease itching, and hot water worsens it.
The nurse is obtaining a preoperative health history on the client scheduled for revision of facial scars. Which client comment indicates an increased risk for a poor cosmetic outcome?
- A. I haven't had anything to eat or drink since 10 pm last night.
- B. I'm nervous about surgery; what if the surgery doesn't work?
- C. My high blood pressure is controlled with lisinopril.
- D. I plan to continue taking diclofenac for pain control.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diclofenac (Voltaren) is an NSAID; increased bleeding tendency and increased sensitivity to sunlight are side effects that may inhibit achieving optimal cosmetic outcomes. Fasting is standard practice. Nervousness does not affect cosmetic outcomes. Controlled hypertension poses no significant risk.
The nurse is teaching a class on the prevention of cancer. Which information should be included regarding how to reduce the risk of skin cancer?
- A. Avoid prolonged exposure to the sun.
- B. Shower immediately after being outdoors.
- C. Avoid strong perfumes, hand creams, and body lotions.
- D. After being in the woods or in tall grass, check for ticks.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Avoiding prolonged sun exposure reduces ultraviolet radiation damage, a primary risk factor for skin cancer.